Guideline for the cognitive assessment and follow-up in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (2024 edition).

This practice guideline focuses on the cognitive assessment for mild cognitive impairment in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. To achieve the standardization and normalization of its clinical practice and generate individualized intervention, the National Core Cognitive Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the Cognitive Disorders Branch of Chinese Geriatic Society, the Dementia Group of Neurology Branch of Guangdong Medical Association and specialists from Hong Kong and Macao developed guidelines based on China's actual conditions and efficiency, economic cost and accuracy. The article addresses the significance, background, and the process of the assessment and follow-up to realize the promotion and dissemination of cognitive assessment.

Schisandrin Restores the Amyloid β-Induced Impairments on Mitochondrial Function, Energy Metabolism, Biogenesis, and Dynamics in Rat Primary Hippocampal Neurons.

Introduction: Schisandrin which is derived from Schisandra chinensis has shown multiple pharmacological effects on various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective: Our study aims to investigate the effects of schisandrin on mitochondrial functions and metabolisms in primary hippocampal neurons.

Schisandrin ameliorates cognitive deficits, endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuroinflammation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer's disease rats.

Schisandrin, an active component extracted from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill has been reported to alleviate the cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative disorder like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism by which schisandrin regulates the cognitive decline is still unclear.

Schizandrol A protects against Aβ-induced autophagy via activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in SH-SY5Y cells and primary hippocampal neurons.

Autophagy, a lysosomal degradative pathway, is crucial for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Schizandrol A (SchA) shows multiple pharmacological effects. However, the potential effects and mechanisms of SchA on amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced autophagy remain unclear.

Deficiency of Trim27 protects dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis in the neurotoxin model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative movement disorder, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The MPTP/MPP+ model is often used to investigate the signaling mechanisms of dopamine (DA) degeneration, both in vivo and in vitro. The identification of specific genetic and environmental factors responsible for PD has bolstered evidence for a shared pathway of neuronal death -apoptosis.

Intraepidermal nerve fiber density of healthy human.

Objectives: To analyze intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IEFND) by skin biopsy, evaluate the effect of age, anatomical sites, and ethnic origin on IEFND and develop a reference range of IENFD at the distal leg of healthy human.

Methods: Seventy skin biopsy specimens from surgical procedures involving 70 patients were analyzed. Specimens were fixed routinely in formalin and thereafter embedded in paraffin.

Influence of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-gamma on age at onset and sRAGE levels in Alzheimer's disease.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) has been described to have a role in the modulation of various genes involved in Abeta homeostasis, inflammation, and energy metabolism, making it a candidate gene for risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A functional polymorphism in exon 2 of the PPAR-gamma gene has been related to AD, but the effects are inconsistent across studies. To determine the role of PPAR-gamma in genetic susceptibility to AD in a representative Chinese sample, we genotyped 362 AD patients and 370 healthy controls for PPAR-gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.