Comparative transcriptome and hormone analyses of roots in apple among three rootstocks with different rooting abilities.

Background: Root plays an important role in the growth and development of fruit trees; however, the molecular mechanisms behind the differences among rootstock varie-ties remain unclear.

Methods: This study examined the effects of different rootstocks on root structure and the endogenous hormone content of 1-year old apple seedlings in combinations of Tianhong 2 (T2)/ (HT), T2/G935, and T2/Jizhen 2 (J2).

Results: The results showed that the T2/HT treatment had greater root length, surface area, volume, average diameter, tips and forks, followed by G935 and J2.

Dopamine Alleviates Phloridzin Toxicity in Apple by Modifying Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Structure and Function.

Phloridzin significantly influences apple plant growth, development, and resistance to environmental stresses by engaging in various metabolic processes. Its excessive accumulation in soil, attributed to continuous monoculture practices, not only inhibits plant growth but also disrupts the rhizosphere microbial community. This study aims to explore the remedial effects of dopamine, a known antioxidant and stress resistance modulator in plants, on the adverse impacts of phloridzin stress in apple.

Melatonin promotes the recovery of apple plants after waterlogging by shaping the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbiome.

The dynamics of the physiological adaptability of plants and the rhizosphere soil environment after waterlogging remain unclear. Here we investigated the mechanisms regulating plant condition and shaping of the rhizosphere microbiome in a pot experiment. In the experiment, we added melatonin to waterlogged plants, which promoted waterlogging relief.

Integrative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis reveals the drought responses of two apple rootstock cultivars.

Background: Drought is considered the main environmental factor restricting apple production and thus the development of the apple industry. Rootstocks play an important role in enhancing the drought tolerance of apple plants. Studies of the physiology have demonstrated that 'ZC9-3' is a strong drought-resistant rootstock, whereas 'Jizhen-2' is a weak drought-resistant rootstock.

Effects of different dwarfing interstocks on the rhizosphere, endophytic bacteria, and drought resistance of apple trees.

Rootstock is commonly used to enhance plant resistance to drought stress. However, it is necessary to investigate the effects of different rootstock, interstock, and scion combinations on rhizosphere and root endophytic bacteria under drought stress. We conducted a pot experiment to investigate how interstock [SH40, Jizhen 1 (J1), and Jizhen 2 (J2)] affects the drought tolerance and nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization of apple trees under drought stress.

Exogenous melatonin alleviates apple replant disease by regulating rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and nitrogen metabolism.

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a common soil-borne disease afflicting apple plants. Melatonin is a broad-spectrum oxygen scavenger that plays a key role in alleviating stress-induced damage in plants. In this study, we aimed to determine whether adding melatonin to replant soil can promote plant growth by improving the rhizosphere soil environment and nitrogen metabolism.

Improved tolerance of apple plants to drought stress and nitrogen utilization by modulating the rhizosphere microbiome melatonin and dopamine.

This study explored the contributions of melatonin and dopamine to the uptake and utilization of nitrogen and the formation of rhizosphere microbial communities in 'Tianhong 2'/. , with the goal improving plant resistance to drought stress. Drought stress was formed by artificially controlling soil moisture content.

Melatonin and dopamine mediate the regulation of nitrogen uptake and metabolism at low ammonium levels in Malus hupehensis.

In plants, ammonium (NH) is the main nitrogen source and acts as a physiological and morphological response signaling molecule. Melatonin and dopamine are associated with plant responses to abiotic stress. However, previous studies have rarely focused on nutrient stress, and the roles of melatonin and dopamine in the uptake and metabolism of nitrogen in plants remain unclear.

Preparation of I brachytherapy seeds by iodinating carbon bars with a silver coating.

A method for preparing I brachytherapy seeds is presented. Carbon bars were used as the substrates, on which a silver coating was deposited by electroless plating, and then, I was adsorbed by iodinating the silver coating so as to prepare source cores. The radioactive cores were sealed individually in the titanium capsule to fabricate the I brachytherapy seeds.

Crop Load Influences Growth and Hormone Changes in the Roots of "Red Fuji" Apple.

Crop load has a substantial impact on growth of the aerial and belowground parts of apple trees. Here, we examined the effects of different crop loads on growth and hormone levels in apple roots. A crop load of 1.

Preparation of (103)Pd brachytherapy seeds by electroless plating of (103)Pd onto carbon bars.

A method for preparing (103)Pd brachytherapy seeds is reported. The key of the method was to deposit (103)Pd onto carbon bars by electroless plating so as to prepare source cores. After each carbon bar with (103)Pd was sealed in a titanium capsule, the (103)Pd seeds were fabricated.

BRMS1 Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to ATP-Induced Growth Suppression.

Purinergic signaling may represent an effective target in cancer therapy because the expression of purinergic receptors is altered in many forms of cancer and extracellular nucleotides modulate cancer cell growth. We examined the effect of extracellular ATP on the growth of the metastatic breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-435 relative to an immortalized breast epithelial cell line, hTERT-HME1. We also investigated whether the metastasis suppressor gene BRMS1 alters the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ATP.

Age-related changes in gap junctional intercellular communication in osteoblastic cells.

Aging demonstrates deleterious effects upon the skeleton which can predispose an individual to osteoporosis and related fractures. Despite the well-documented evidence that aging decreases bone formation, there remains little understanding whereby cellular aging alters skeletal homeostasis. We, and others, have previously demonstrated that gap junctions--membrane-spanning channels that allow direct cell-to-cell conductance of small signaling molecules--are critically involved in osteoblast differentiation and skeletal homeostasis.

Expressing connexin 43 in breast cancer cells reduces their metastasis to lungs.

Recently the concept that gap junctions play a role in cancer cell metastasis has emerged. However, the mechanism by which this might occur is unknown. To examine this issue a metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-435, was stably transfected with human Cx43 cDNA.

Alterations in Cx43 and OB-cadherin affect breast cancer cell metastatic potential.

Emerging evidence suggests that gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and expression of connexins (Cx) contribute to the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. To more directly address this, an aggressive bone metastasis breast cancer cell line, MDA-MET (MET), was stably transfected with human Cx43 cDNA (MET/Cx43(+)). Focusing on clone 28 of MET/Cx43(+), we demonstrated that GJIC, Cx43 protein and Cx43 mRNA were significantly increased in MET/Cx43(+) cells relative to MET, the plasmid control for the Cx43 transfectants (MET/HY) and a metastatic breast cancer cell that is less metastatic to bone than MET, MDA-MB-231.

Connexin 43 gene expression in mice with cardiopulmonary developmental defects.

Gap junctions are vital for cellular integrity, including homeostasis, morphogenesis, differentiation and growth in normal development of organs such as heart. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a major gap junction protein. Our cDNA microarray analysis of normal and nitrofen-exposed neonatal mice with hypoplastic lungs, associated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and heart developmental defects showed up-regulation of Cx43.

Modulation of connexin43 alters expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers.

Gap junctional channels between cells provide a pathway for exchange of regulatory ions and small molecules. We previously demonstrated that expression of connexins and cell-to-cell communication parallel osteoblastic differentiation and that nonspecific pharmacological inhibitors of gap junctional communication inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity. In this study, we stably transfected connexin (Cx)43 antisense cDNA into the immortalized human fetal osteoblastic cell line hFOB 1.

Integrin expression and osteopontin regulation in human fetal osteoblastic cells mediated by substratum surface characteristics.

Integrin-mediated adhesion of anchorage-dependent cells to scaffolds is a critical component of tissue engineering. We investigated integrin expression by the human fetal osteoblastic cell line, hFOB 1.19 (hFOB), as a function of substratum surface wettability.

Breast cancer metastatic potential: correlation with increased heterotypic gap junctional intercellular communication between breast cancer cells and osteoblastic cells.

The breast cancer metastasis-suppressor gene BRMS1 is downregulated in metastatic breast cancer cells. Previous reports have shown restoration of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the metastatic human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-435 (435) transfected with BRMS1 cDNA. Metastasis, to a large extent in most breast cancers, occurs to bone.