Potential Biomarkers of Fatal Hypothermia Revealed by UHPLC-MS Metabolomics in Mice.

Background: The postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia presents a considerable challenge in forensic medicine. Metabolomics, a powerful tool reflecting comprehensive changes in endogenous metabolites, offers significant potential for exploring disease mechanisms and identifying diagnostic markers.

Methods: In this study, we employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to perform a non-targeted metabolomic analysis of liver, stomach, spleen, and musculus gastrocnemius tissues from mice subjected to fatal hypothermia.

The type VI secretion system as a potential predictor of subsequent bloodstream infection of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains on intestinal colonization.

Background: The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has been recognized as a novel virulence factor in Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study investigated the occurrence of T6SS genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains during intestinal colonization and evaluated their effect on the development of bloodstream infections.

Methods: The study encompassed 2,385 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and subjected to routine screening for intestinal colonization with CRKP.

Clinical evaluation of a multiplex droplet digital PCR for diagnosing suspected bloodstream infections: a prospective study.

Background: Though droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a promising tool for early pathogen detection in bloodstream infections (BSIs), more studies are needed to support its clinical application widely due to different ddPCR platforms with discrepant diagnostic performance. Additionally, there is still a lack of clinical data to reveal the association between pathogen loads detected by ddPCR and corresponding BSIs.

Methods: In this prospective study, 173 patients with suspected BSIs were enrolled.

Profiling and comprehensive analysis of microbiome and ARGs of nurses and nursing workers in China: a cross-sectional study.

Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent major challenges in healthcare system. Despite numerous studies have assessed environmental and patient samples, very few studies have explored the microbiome and resistome profiles of medical staff including nursing workers. This cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary hospital in China and involved 25 nurses (NSs), 25 nursing workers (NWs), and 55 non-medical control (NC).

S100A8/A9-activated IFNγ NK cells trigger β-cell necroptosis in hepatitis B virus-associated liver cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated liver cirrhosis (LC), a common condition with high incidence and mortality rates, is often associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying impaired glucose regulation during HBV-associated LC remain unclear.

Methods: Data from 63 patients with LC and 62 patients with LC-associated DM were analysed.

Microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis and hepatic encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a clinical manifestation of neurological and psychiatric abnormalities that are caused by complications of liver dysfunction including hyperammonemia, hyperuricemia, and portal hypertension. Accumulating evidence suggests that HE could be reversed through therapeutic modifications of gut microbiota. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that gut microbiome affects the physiological function of the liver, such as the regulation of metabolism, secretion, and immunity, through the gut-liver crosstalk.

Dynamic evolution of ceftazidime-avibactam resistance due to interchanges between and during treatment of infection.

Background: The emergence of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) resistance among carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) is of major concern due to limited therapeutic options.

Methods: In this study, 10 CRKP strains were isolated from different samples of a patient with CRKP infection receiving CZA treatment. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and conjugation experiments were performed to determine the transferability of the carbapenem resistance gene.

Alterations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolic profile of patients with cirrhosis supplemented with lactulose, , and : a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Liver cirrhosis is commonly accompanied by intestinal dysbiosis and metabolic defects. Many clinical trials have shown microbiota-targeting strategies represent promising interventions for managing cirrhosis and its complications. However, the influences of the intestinal metagenomes and metabolic profiles of patients have not been fully elucidated.

Oral Fungal Alterations in Patients with COVID-19 and Recovered Patients.

The oral bacteriome, gut bacteriome, and gut mycobiome are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the oral fungal microbiota in COVID-19 remains unclear. This article aims to characterize the oral mycobiome in COVID-19 and recovered patients.

Coexistence and local stability of multiple equilibrium points for fractional-order state-dependent switched competitive neural networks with time-varying delays.

This paper investigates the coexistence and local stability of multiple equilibrium points for a class of competitive neural networks with sigmoidal activation functions and time-varying delays, in which fractional-order derivative and state-dependent switching are involved at the same time. Some novel criteria are established to ensure that such n-neuron neural networks can have [Formula: see text] total equilibrium points and [Formula: see text] locally stable equilibrium points with m+m=n, based on the fixed-point theorem, the definition of equilibrium point in the sense of Filippov, the theory of fractional-order differential equation and Lyapunov function method. The investigation implies that the competitive neural networks with switching can possess greater storage capacity than the ones without switching.

Application of Procalcitonin for the Rapid Diagnosis of Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: The incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has increased in recent years in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C. difficile is a toxin-producing bacterium, and CDI results in the worsening of underlying IBD, increasing the risk of IBD treatment failure, surgery, and hospitalization.

A novel therapeutic concern: Antibiotic resistance genes in common chronic diseases.

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes pose a severe threat to global public health and human health. In clinical practice, it has been found that human gut microbiota act as a "reservoir" of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) since gut microbiota contain a wide variety of ARGs, and that the structure of the gut microbiome is influenced by the profile of the drug resistance genes present. In addition, ARGs can spread within and between species of the gut microbiome in multiple ways.

Apparent change of the 3C/3D line intensity ratio in neonlike ions.

The resonance 3C ([(2p)3d] → [2p]) to intercombination 3D ([(2p)3d] → [2p]) line intensity ratio of neonlike ions has been studied. The measured line intensity ratio for neonlike Xe ions shows an apparent change, which is reproduced by the calculations using the relativistic configuration interaction plus many-body perturbation theory. It is clearly elucidated that the change in the 3C/3D line intensity ratio is caused by strong configuration mixing between the upper levels of the 3D and 3F ([(2p)3s] → [2p]) lines.

Risk factors and mortality for elderly patients with bloodstream infection of carbapenem resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae: a 10-year longitudinal study.

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), especially in elderly patients, results in higher morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors associated with CRKP BSI and short-term mortality among elderly patients in China.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 252 inpatients aged ≥ 65 years with BSI caused by KP from January 2011 to December 2020 in China.

Micro-ecology restoration of colonic inflammation by in-Situ oral delivery of antibody-laden hydrogel microcapsules.

In-situ oral delivery of therapeutic antibodies, like monoclonal antibody, for chronic inflammation treatment is the most convenient approach compared with other administration routes. Moreover, the abundant links between the gut microbiota and colonic inflammation indicate that the synergistic or antagonistic effect of gut microbiota to colonic inflammation. However, the antibody activity would be significantly affected while transferring through the gastrointestinal tract due to hostile conditions.

Rifaximin Modulates the Gut Microbiota to Prevent Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis Without Impacting the Resistome.

The gut microbiota has an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy(HE). Rifaximin, an intestinal non-absorbable antibacterial agent, is effective in the treatment of HE. However, whether long-term prophylactic use induces antibacterial resistance and its mechanism for treating HE remains unclear.

Lactitol Supplementation Modulates Intestinal Microbiome in Liver Cirrhotic Patients.

Cirrhosis is a common chronic liver disease characterized by irreversible diffuse liver damage. Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis and metabolite dysfunction contribute to the development of cirrhosis. Lactitol (4-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucitol) was previously reported to promote the growth of intestinal .

Clinical Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology of in China.

Ongoing acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes has made a new clinical treatment challenge. Understanding the molecular epidemiology of will contribute to clinical treatment and prevention. We undertook a 6-year clinical molecular epidemiological investigation of from three tertiary hospitals in China since 2014.

Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Analysis of Complex Species Isolated From Patients With Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media.

Background: is a heterothallic ascomycetous yeast-like fungus. Recently, the concept of complex has been proposed and it consists of , , and . We aimed to identify 32 strains of complex isolated from patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) at the species level and analyze the morphology and antifungal susceptibility profiles of the three species.

Oral Microbiome Characteristics in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a common cause of liver cirrhosis. To identify the characteristics of the oral microbiome in patients with AIH, we collected 204 saliva samples including 68 AIH patients and 136 healthy controls and performed microbial MiSeq sequencing after screening. All samples were randomly divided into discovery cohorts (46 AIH and 92 HCs) and validation cohorts (22 AIH and 44 HCs).

Alterations in the human oral and gut microbiomes and lipidomics in COVID-19.

Objective: To characterise the oral microbiome, gut microbiome and serum lipid profiles in patients with active COVID-19 and recovered patients; evaluate the potential of the microbiome as a non-invasive biomarker for COVID-19; and explore correlations between the microbiome and lipid profile.

Design: We collected and sequenced 392 tongue-coating samples, 172 faecal samples and 155 serum samples from Central China and East China. We characterised microbiome and lipid molecules, constructed microbial classifiers in discovery cohort and verified their diagnostic potential in 74 confirmed patients (CPs) from East China and 37 suspected patients (SPs) with IgG positivity.

A case series of medically managed Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Background: In recent years, Candida parapsilosis is recognized as a species complex and is composed of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is rare and the survival rate is still low despite of optimal therapeutic strategies. In our report, it is novel to report cases as Candida parapsilosis complex PVE at species and identify Candida parapsilosis using MALDI-TOF MS.

Alterations of the Human Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Gut microbiota make up the largest microecosystem in the human body and are closely related to chronic metabolic diseases. Herein, 520 fecal samples are collected from different regions of China, the gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized, and CKD classifiers based on microbial markers are constructed. Compared with healthy controls (HC, = 210), gut microbial diversity is significantly decreased in CKD ( = 110), and the microbial community is remarkably distinguished from HC.