Prediction of feeding difficulties in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy using magnetic resonance imaging-derived radiomics features.

Background: The mechanisms behind brain and spinal cord injuries in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and associated feeding difficulties are unclear, with previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) attempts yielding inconclusive results.

Objective: We aim to evaluate an MRI radiomics model for predicting feeding difficulties in HIE infants. Additionally, we investigate changes in predictive capability after incorporating the duration of mechanical ventilation and the timing of MRI examination.

A cross-sectional study on the correlation of image quality, effective dose, and body composition with thyroid, chest, and abdominal computed tomography scans.

Background: The rapid increase in the use of radiodiagnostic examinations in China, especially computed tomography (CT) scans, has led to these examinations being the largest artificial source of per capita effective dose (ED). This study conducted a retrospective analysis of the correlation between image quality, ED, and body composition in 540 cases that underwent thyroid, chest, or abdominal CT scans. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the correlation between the parameters of CT scans and body composition in common positions of CT examination (thyroid, chest, and abdomen) and ultimately inform potential measures for reducing radiation exposure.

[Congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a neonate].

The male patient was referred to the hospital at 44 days old due to dyspnea after birth and inability to wean off oxygen. His brother died three days after birth due to respiratory failure. The main symptoms observed were respiratory failure, dyspnea, and hypoxemia.

The clinical and imaging features of eosinophilic cystitis in children: a case series study.

Background: Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is rare in children and remains poorly understood. Our aim was to analyse the clinical and imaging features of eosinophilic cystitis in children.

Methods: A retrospective review of histologically confirmed eosinophilic cystitis between January 2008 and December 2022 was performed, including patient age, sex, symptoms, laboratory examination, radiology, treatment and outcome.

Cortical and subcortical morphological alteration in Angelman syndrome.

Background: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with serious seizures. We aim to explore the brain morphometry of patients with AS and figure out whether the seizure is associated with brain development.

Methods: Seventy-three patients and 26 healthy controls (HC) underwent high-resolution structural brain MRI.

The uncovered biases and errors in clinical determination of bone age by using deep learning models.

Objectives: To evaluate AI biases and errors in estimating bone age (BA) by comparing AI and radiologists' clinical determinations of BA.

Methods: We established three deep learning models from a Chinese private dataset (CHNm), an American public dataset (USAm), and a joint dataset combining the above two datasets (JOIm). The test data CHNt (n = 1246) were labeled by ten senior pediatric radiologists.

Brain structural alterations in young girls with Rett syndrome: A voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics study.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in the gene, currently with no cure. Neuroimaging is an important tool for obtaining non-invasive structural and functional information about the brain. Multiple approaches to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans have been utilized effectively in RTT patients to understand the possible pathological basis.

Imaging features of juvenile xanthogranuloma.

Background: Juvenile xanthogranuloma is rare in children and there are limited data on its imaging features.

Objective: To analyze the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of juvenile xanthogranuloma in children.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed of clinical and radiographic data of histologically confirmed juvenile xanthogranuloma between January 2009 and June 2020.

An in-depth discussion of cholesteatoma, middle ear Inflammation, and langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone, based on diagnostic results.

Objective: This study aimed to conduct an in-depth investigation of the learning framework used for deriving diagnostic results of temporal bone diseases, including cholesteatoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). In addition, middle ear inflammation (MEI) was diagnosed by CT scanning of the temporal bone in pediatric patients.

Design: A total of 119 patients were included in this retrospective study; among them, 40 patients had MEI, 38 patients had histology-proven cholesteatoma, and 41 patients had histology-proven LCH of the temporal bone.

Disrupted Topological Organization of White Matter Network in Angelman Syndrome.

Background: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder that affects neurodevelopment. The investigation of changes in the brain white matter network, which would contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AS brain, was lacking.

Purpose: To investigate both local and global alterations of white matter in patients with AS.

Prediction of Hearing Prognosis of Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome Based on the PyTorch Deep Learning Model.

In order to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) in the stable hearing loss (HL) group and the fluctuating HL group, this paper provides reference for clinicians' early intervention. From January 2001 to January 2016, patients with hearing impairment diagnosed as LVAS in infancy in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University were collected and divided into the stable HL group ( = 29) and the fluctuating HL group ( = 30). MRI images at initial diagnosis were collected, and various deep learning neural network training models were established based on PyTorch to classify and predict the two series.

Common and Distinct Disruptions of Cortical Surface Morphology Between Autism Spectrum Disorder Children With and Without Deficiency.

SH3 and Multiple Ankyrin Repeat Domains 3 ()-caused autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present a unique opportunity to clarify the heterogeneous neuropathological mechanisms of ASD. However, the specificity and commonality of disrupted large-scale brain organization in deficient children remain largely unknown. The present study combined genetic tests, neurobehavioral evaluations, and magnetic resonance imaging, aiming to explore the disruptions of both local and networked cortical structural organization in ASD children with and without deficiency.

Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation may be an early predictor of delayed motor development due to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a fMRI study.

Background: Acute bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus is the worst consequence of brain damage caused by the elevation of total unbound serum bilirubin (TSB) in neonates. The present study aimed to visualize the characteristic brain regions of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (HB) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and to measure the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study, which included newborns with HB who were hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University.

A retrospective clinical analysis of pediatric paragonimiasis in a Chinese children's hospital from 2011 to 2019.

Diagnosis of pediatric paragonimiasis is difficult because of its non-specific clinical manifestations. We retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric paragonimiasis in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2011 to May 2019. The confirmed diagnosis of paragonimiasis was based on positive anti-parasite serological tests from the local Center for Disease Control (CDC).

Risk Factors for Hydrocephalus in Neonatal Purulent Meningitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: Hydrocephalus is a potentially lethal complication of neonatal purulent meningitis. Early detection of hydrocephalus helps to determine optimal treatment, improve prognosis, and reduce financial burden. We aimed to analyze the risk factors for hydrocephalus in neonates with purulent meningitis and discuss the characteristics of the disease.

Altered striatum centered brain structures in SHANK3 deficient Chinese children with genotype and phenotype profiling.

SHANK3 deficiency represents one of the most replicated monogenic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and SHANK3 caused ASD presents a unique opportunity to understand the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of ASD. In this study, genetic tests, comprehensive clinical and neurobehavioral evaluations, as well as multimodal structural MRI using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were conducted in SHANK3 group (N = 14 with SHANK3 defects), ASD controls (N = 26 with idiopathic ASD without SHANK3 defects) and typically developing (TD) controls (N = 32). Phenotypically, we reported several new features in Chinese SHANK3 deficient children including anteverted nares, sensory stimulation seeking, dental abnormalities and hematological problems.

Imaging findings of pulmonary manifestations of chronic granulomatous disease in a large single center from Shanghai, China (1999-2018).

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by recurrent infections and granuloma formation in multiple organs, especially the lung. We aimed to investigate pulmonary manifestations by computed tomography (CT). In total, 100 patients with 117 episodes of pulmonary infection were included.

Separation in genetic pathogenesis of mutations in FBN1-TB5 region between autosomal dominant acromelic dysplasia and Marfan syndrome.

Mutations in the transforming growth factor β-binding protein-like domain 5 (TB5) region of FBN1 can lead to autosomal acromelic dysplasia and Marfan syndrome, which are two diseases with apparently opposite phenotypes. We identified six patients with acromelic dysplasia carrying either the previously reported mutations c.5284G > A (p.

Differential diagnosis of pancreatoblastoma (PB) and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) in children by CT and MR imaging.

Objectives: To determine whether features on computed tomographic and/or magnetic resonance imaging can differentiate pancreatoblastoma (PB) from solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) of the pancreas in children.

Methods: Clinical and imaging data for 20 cases of SPNs and 14 cases of PB confirmed by surgery or biopsy were retrospectively analysed. The size, border, calcification, haemorrhage, solid/cystic component proportion, intratumoural vessels, tumour capsulation, pancreatic duct dilatation, peripancreatic vessel invasion, distant metastasis status and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the two groups were examined, and key diagnostic features were identified.

A quickly, effectively screening process of novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in Shanghai, China.

Background: A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in China was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report the screening and diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in our hospital.

Methods: Developed a procedure for the identification of children cases with COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency department of our hospital, then we observed how this process works.

DeepVolume: Brain Structure and Spatial Connection-Aware Network for Brain MRI Super-Resolution.

Thin-section magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide higher resolution anatomical structures and more precise clinical information than thick-section images. However, thin-section MRI is not always available due to the imaging cost issue. In multicenter retrospective studies, a large number of data are often in thick-section manner with different section thickness.

Differential Effect of the Ratio of Right Ventricular Volume to Left Ventricular Volume in Children with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.

We aimed to compare the diagnostic value of indexed right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDVi) and the ratio of right ventricle volume to left ventricle volume (RV/LV ratio) in prediction of the severity of pulmonary regurgitation (PR) expressed as the PR fraction (PRF) after surgery of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Forty-one patients with repaired TOF were included in the study. RVEDVi, LVEDVi, RV/LV ratio, PRF and ejection fraction were measured with magnetic resonance imaging.