Muscle Psn gene combined with exercise contribute to healthy aging of skeletal muscle and lifespan by adaptively regulating Sirt1/PGC-1α and arm pathway.

The Presenilin (Psn) gene is closely related to aging, but it is still unclear the role of Psn genes in skeletal muscle. Here, the Psn-UAS/Mhc-GAL4 system in Drosophila was used to regulate muscle Psn overexpression(MPO) and muscle Psn knockdown(MPK). Drosophila were subjected to endurance exercise from 4 weeks to 5 weeks old.

Low and high doses of oral maslinic acid protect against Parkinson's disease via distinct gut microbiota-related mechanisms.

The use of oral agents that can modify the gut microbiota (GM) could be a novel preventative or therapeutic option for Parkinson's disease (PD). Maslinic acid (MA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid with GM-dependent biological activities when it is taken orally, has not yet been reported to be effective against PD. The present study found both low and high dose MA treatment significantly prevented dopaminergic neuronal loss in a classical chronic PD mouse model by ameliorating motor functions and improving tyrosine hydroxylase expressions in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and increasing dopamine and its metabolite homovanillic acid levels in the striatum.

Selenium Forms and Dosages Determined Their Biological Actions in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease.

Selenium (Se), an essential antioxidant trace element, is reported to play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a lack of systematic studies on different Se forms against PD. Our study is designed to compare the neuroprotective effects of inorganic and organic Se in two classical PD mice models and investigate the underlying mechanisms for their potentially differential actions against PD.

Alginate and its Two Components Acted Differently Against Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in Parkinson's Disease Mice Model.

Scope: This study aims to investigate and compare the potentially neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms for brown seaweed polysaccharides (PS) of Alginate (Alg) and its two components, including polymannuronic acid (PM) and polyguluronic acid (PG), against Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis.

Methods And Results: Model mice of PD are pretreated with Alg or PM or PG, separately via oral gavage once per day for four weeks. Our results found PM improved motor functions of PD mice, but Alg or PG did not.

GPER and IGF-1R mediate the anti-inflammatory effect of genistein against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nigrostriatal injury in rats.

Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genistein is an estrogen-like phytoestrogen that can exert biological effects via the crosstalk of estrogen receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). The present study aimed to evaluate the involvement of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and IGF-1R in the anti-inflammatory effects of genistein against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nigrostriatal injury in ovariectomized rats.

IGF-1 receptor is involved in the regulatory effects of icariin and icaritin in astrocytes under basal conditions and after an inflammatory challenge.

Icariin and icaritin, the major active components of Epimedii Genus, are considered as promising drugs with anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated that icariin and icaritin can protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP)-induced neurotoxicity on dopaminergic neurons via insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1 receptor) signaling. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of IGF-1 receptor signaling in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of icariin and icaritin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation as well as their biological regulation effects in midbrain primary astrocytes.

Colonic Dopaminergic Neurons Changed Reversely With Those in the Midbrain via Gut Microbiota-Mediated Autophagy in a Chronic Parkinson's Disease Mice Model.

The role of gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) have become a research hotspot, appropriate animal model to study gut-brain axis in PD is yet to be confirmed. Our study employed a classical PD mice model achieved by chronic MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) injection to study concurrent changes of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and the colon of mice. Our results showed such a PD model exhibited apparent locomotor deficits but not gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Polymannuronic acid prevents dopaminergic neuronal loss via brain-gut-microbiota axis in Parkinson's disease model.

The study aims to investigate the potentially neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms for brown seaweed polysaccharide of polymannuronic acid (PM) against Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. PD model mice were pretreated with PM via oral gavage once per day for 4 weeks and the preventative effects of PM against neuronal loss together with its modulation on brain-gut-microbiota axis were systematically explored. The results showed PM administration improved motor functions by preventing dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and enhanced contents of striatal homovanillic acid (HVA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in PD mice.

Ginsenoside Rg1 Exerts Anti-inflammatory Effects via G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglia Activation.

Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Ginsenoside Rg1, the most active ingredient of ginseng, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects via estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. The present study evaluated the involvement of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia activation in the BV2 microglial cell line and ventral mesencephalic primary microglial culture.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of genistein in microglia.

Background: Genistein (GEN), a phytoestrogen that is extracted from leguminous plants, can bind to estrogen receptor and exert biological effects. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a novel membrane estrogen receptor, has been reported to be involved in the anti-inflammatory process. In the present study, using BV2 microglial cell line and primary microglial culture, we evaluated the involvement of GPER in the anti-inflammatory effects of genistein against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia activation.

[Inhibitory effects of 17beta-estradiol on spontaneous and activated contraction of rat uterus smooth muscle].

Objective: To observe and compare the effects of 17beta-estradiol (EST) on the phasic and tonic contractile activities of the uterine smooth muscles of SD rats in vitro.

Methods: Different concentrations of 17beta-estradiol were added into the perfusion muscular sockets containing uterine smooth muscles of SD rats, and the activities of muscle contraction were recorded at the same time.

Results: 17beta-estradiol had obvious depression effects on spontaneous rhythmic contraction of the uterine smooth muscles in a concentration-dependent manner, it could considerably decrease muscular tension, the mean amplitudes and frequencies of contractile waves (P < 0.