Shoot-to-root communication via GmUVR8-GmSTF3 photosignaling and flavonoid biosynthesis fine-tunes soybean nodulation under UV-B light.

Legume nodulation requires light perception by plant shoots and precise long-distance communication between shoot and root. Recent studies have revealed that TGACG-motif binding factors (GmSTFs) integrate light signals to promote root nodulation; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying nodule formation in changing light conditions remain elusive. Here, we applied genetic engineering, metabolite measurement, and transcriptional analysis to study soybean (Glycine max) nodules.

Identification of quantitative trait loci for related traits of stalk lodging resistance using genome-wide association studies in maize (Zea mays L.).

Background: Stalk lodging is one of the main factors affecting maize (Zea mays L.) yield and limiting mechanized harvesting. Developing maize varieties with high stalk lodging resistance requires exploring the genetic basis of lodging resistance-associated agronomic traits.

Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) suppresses malignant progression of glioma and enhances temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity via repressing transgelin-2 (TAGLN2) mediated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (Akt) pathway.

Glioma originated from excessively proliferative and highly invaded glial cells is a common intracranial malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) is a clinical challenge in glioma treatment due to the fact that chemoresistance remains a main obstacle in the improvement of drug efficacy. Salvianolic acid A (Sal A), originated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine , possesses anti-tumor effects and could facilitate the delivery of drugs to brain tumor tissues.

GmPIN1-mediated auxin asymmetry regulates leaf petiole angle and plant architecture in soybean.

Crop breeding during the Green Revolution resulted in high yields largely due to the creation of plants with semi-dwarf architectures that could tolerate high-density planting. Although semi-dwarf varieties have been developed in rice, wheat and maize, none was reported in soybean (Glycine max), and few genes controlling plant architecture have been characterized in soybean. Here, we demonstrate that the auxin efflux transporter PINFORMED1 (GmPIN1), which determines polar auxin transport, regulates the leaf petiole angle in soybean.

ZJ316 improves the quality of Miq. pickle by inhibiting harmful bacteria growth, degrading nitrite and promoting the gut microbiota health .

Microbial contamination and nitrite accumulation are the two major concerns in the quality control of fermented vegetables. In the present study, a lactic acid bacteria strain ZJ316 (ZJ316) was inoculated during Miq. (SSM) fermentation, and the effects of ZJ316 on the quality and bacterial community of SSM during fermentation were investigated.

The O2-ZmGRAS11 transcriptional regulatory network orchestrates the coordination of endosperm cell expansion and grain filling in maize.

Maize (Zea mays) endosperm filling is coordinated with cell expansion to enlarge the grain size, but the mechanism coupling the two processes is poorly understood. Starchy endosperm cells basically contain no visible vacuoles for cell expansion. During grain filling, efficient synthesis of storage compounds leads to reduced cytoplasm and thus lowered cell turgor pressure.

Association mapping for general combining ability with yield, plant height and ear height using F1 population in maize.

General combining ability (GCA) is an important index for inbred lines breeding of maize. To identify the genetic loci of GCA and associated agronomic traits, an association analysis with 195 SSRs was made in phenotypic traits of 240 F1 derived from 120 elite inbred lines containing current breeding resources of maize crossed with 2 testers (Zheng58 and Chang7-2) in two places in 2018. All of the 20 association loci detected for grain yield (GY), plant height (PH), ear height (EH) and GCA for the three traits in two places could explain a phenotypic variation range of 7.

DDX39B interacts with the pattern recognition receptor pathway to inhibit NF-κB and sensitize to alkylating chemotherapy.

Background: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a prominent role in promoting inflammation and resistance to DNA damaging therapy. We searched for proteins that modulate the NF-κB response as a prerequisite to identifying novel factors that affect sensitivity to DNA damaging chemotherapy.

Results: Using streptavidin-agarose pull-down, we identified the DExD/H-box RNA helicase, DDX39B, as a factor that differentially interacts with κB DNA probes.

Identification and characterization of maize -like gene reveal as the maize orthologue conferring resistance to .

Enhancing broad-spectrum resistance is a major goal of crop breeding. However, broad-spectrum resistance has not been thoroughly investigated, and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the model plant Arabidopsis (), ACCELERATED CELL DEATH6 (ACD6) is a key component of broad-spectrum resistance that acts in a positive feedback loop with salicylic acid (SA) to regulate multiple pattern recognition receptors.

Computational dissection of allosteric inhibition of the SH2 domain of Bcr-Abl kinase by the monobody inhibitor AS25.

The deregulated breakpoint cluster region (Bcr)-Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) fusion protein represents an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The high affinity of monobody AS25 was designed to target the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of Bcr-Abl, leading to allosteric inhibition of Bcr-Abl through formation of protein-protein interactions. An I164E mutation in the SH2 domain disrupts AS25 binding to the SH2 domain of Bcr-Abl.

A Suite of Receptor-Like Kinases and a Putative Mechano-Sensitive Channel Are Involved in Autoimmunity and Plasma Membrane-Based Defenses in Arabidopsis.

In plants, cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) provide a first line of defense against pathogens. Although each PRR recognizes a specific ligand, they share common signaling outputs, such as callose and other cell wall-based defenses. Several PRRs are also important for callose induction in response to the defense signal salicylic acid (SA).

Linking pattern recognition and salicylic acid responses in Arabidopsis through ACCELERATED CELL DEATH6 and receptors.

The Arabidopsis membrane protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) and the defense signal salicylic acid (SA) are part of a positive feedback loop that regulates the levels of at least 2 pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) receptors, including FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) and CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR (LYSM domain receptor-like kinase 1, CERK1). ACD6- and SA-mediated regulation of these receptors results in potentiation of responses to FLS2 and CERK1 ligands (e.g.

Salicylic acid regulates Arabidopsis microbial pattern receptor kinase levels and signaling.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are mediated by cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and include the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition in the cell wall, and the generation of the signal molecule salicylic acid (SA). SA acts in a positive feedback loop with ACCELERATED CELL DEATH6 (ACD6), a membrane protein that contributes to immunity. This work shows that PRRs associate with and are part of the ACD6/SA feedback loop.

Salicylic acid signaling controls the maturation and localization of the arabidopsis defense protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH6.

ACCELERATED CELL DEATH6 (ACD6) is a multipass membrane protein with an ankyrin domain that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). This study implemented biochemical approaches to infer changes in ACD6 complexes and localization. In addition to forming endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- and plasma membrane (PM)-localized complexes, ACD6 forms soluble complexes, where it is bound to cytosolic HSP70, ubiquitinated, and degraded via the proteasome.

Reversal of multidrug resistance by 5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside in doxorubicin-resistant human leukemia K562/DOX.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the reversal effects of 5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (DMAG) extracted from traditional Chinese medicines Mahonia on multidrug resistance (MDR) of human leukemia cells to chemotherapeutic agents.

Materials And Methods: MTT(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was performed to determine the effect of DMAG on doxorubicin sensitivity to K562/DOX cells. Propidium iodide /Hoechst 33342 double staining assay was used to investigate the effect of DMAG on doxorubicin-induced cellular apoptosis.

Arabidopsis GH3.5 regulates salicylic acid-dependent and both NPR1-dependent and independent defense responses.

The cross-talk between plant disease resistance and development is fundamental to understanding systemic physiological processes during pathogen attack. Our previous study showed that the Arabidopsis GH3.5 gene acts as a bifunctional modulator of the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated resistance and the auxin-mediated susceptibility during the Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas syringae interaction as well as development.

Dual regulation role of GH3.5 in salicylic acid and auxin signaling during Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas syringae interaction.

Salicylic acid (SA) plays a central role in plant disease resistance, and emerging evidence indicates that auxin, an essential plant hormone in regulating plant growth and development, is involved in plant disease susceptibility. GH3.5, a member of the GH3 family of early auxin-responsive genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), encodes a protein possessing in vitro adenylation activity on both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and SA.