Insights into the formation and mitigation of iodinated disinfection by-products during household cooking with Laminaria japonica (Haidai).

Iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) have attracted extensive interests because of their higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than their chlorinated and brominated analogues. Our recent studies have firstly demonstrated that cooking with seaweed salt could enhance the formation of I-DBPs with several tens of μg/L level. Here, I-DBP formation and mitigation from the reaction of disinfectant with Laminaria japonica (Haidai), an edible seaweed with highest iodine content, upon simulated household cooking process was systematically investigated.

Gas-phase ion migration spectrum analysis of the volatile flavors of large yellow croaker oil after different storage periods.

The large yellow croaker, a species of fish found in the northwestern Pacific, is favored by consumers because of its prevalence in saltwater bodies, golden yellow abdomen, high calcium content, high protein, high fat content, and a flavor that originates from its lipids and volatile components. Volatile organic compounds significantly affect the aroma of food. In this work, electronic nose and headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry were applied to analyze the flavor differences in fish oil durations.

Facile Synthesis of Fe@C Loaded on -CN for CO Electrochemical Reduction to CO with Low Overpotential.

Electrochemical CO reduction has been acknowledged as a hopeful tactic to alleviate environmental and global energy crises. Herein, we designed an Fe@C/g-CN heterogeneous nanocomposite material by a simple one-pot method, which we applied to the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (ECR). Our optimized 20 mg-Fe@C/g-CN-1100 catalyst displays excellent performance for the ECR and a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 88% with a low overpotential of -0.

Disinfection byproduct formation during drinking water treatment and distribution: A review of unintended effects of engineering agents and materials.

Unintended effects of engineering agents and materials on the formation of undesirable disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during drinking water treatment and distribution were comprehensively reviewed. Specially, coagulants, biologically active filtration biofilms, activated carbons, nanomaterials, ion-exchange resins, membrane materials in drinking water treatment and piping materials, deposits and biofilms within drinking water distribution systems were discussed, which may serve as DBP precursors, transform DBPs into more toxic species, and/or catalyze the formation of DBPs. Speciation and quantity of DBPs generated rely heavily on the material characteristics, solution chemistry conditions, and operating factors.

Rapid degradation of brominated and iodinated haloacetamides with sulfite in drinking water: Degradation kinetics and mechanisms.

The effective removal of haloacetamides (HAMs) as a group of emerging disinfection by-products is essential for drinking water safety. This study investigated the degradation of 10 HAMs, including chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated analogues, by sodium sulfite (S(IV)) and the mechanism behind it. The results indicated that all HAMs, excluding chlorinated HAMs, decomposed immediately when exposed to S(IV).

Zero valent iron produces dichloroacetamide from chloramphenicol antibiotics in the absence of chlorine and chloramines.

Dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) is an important type of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct. This study is the first to report that DCAcAm can be formed in the absence of chlorinated disinfectants (chlorine and chloramines). This can occur through reduction of three chloramphenicol (CAP) antibiotics by zero valent iron (ZVI).