Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from soil to rice in paddy field.

The global spread and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has received much attention whereas knowledge about the transmission of ARGs from one matrix to another is still insufficient. In this study, the paddy fields fertilized with chemical fertilizer, swine compost, and no fertilizer were investigated to assess the transfer of ARGs from soil to rice. Soil and plant samples were collected at day 0, 7, 30 and 79 representing various stages of paddy growth.

Prognostic Capability of Clinical SYNTAX Score in Patients with Complex Coronary Artery Disease and Chronic Renal Insufficiency Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: The SYNTAX score (SS) is useful for predicting clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The clinical SYNTAX score (CSS), developed by combining clinical parameters with the SS, enhances the risk model's ability to predict clinical outcomes. However, prior research has not yet evaluated the prognostic capacity of CSS in patients with complex coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) who are undergoing PCI.

External validation of the SYNTAX score II 2020 in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

Background: The SYNTAX score Ⅱ 2020 (SSⅡ-2020) was created as a customized decision-making tool for individuals diagnosed with complex coronary artery disease (CAD). Nevertheless, there has been a scarcity of research investigating the long-term predictive significance of SSⅡ-2020 for patients with both CAD and chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Aims: We sought to showcase the prognostic capacity of SSII-2020 in evaluating long-term all-cause mortality (ACM) within this high-risk patient cohort.

Fertilization Weakens the Ecological Succession of Dissolved Organic Matter in Paddy Rice Rhizosphere Soil at the Molecular Level.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is involved in numerous biogeochemical processes, and understanding the ecological succession of DOM is crucial for predicting its response to farming (e.g., fertilization) practices.

Fossil-fuel-dependent scenarios could lead to a significant decline of global plant-beneficial bacteria abundance in soils by 2100.

Exploiting the potential benefits of plant-associated microbes represents a sustainable approach to enhancing crop productivity. Plant-beneficial bacteria (PBB) provide multiple benefits to plants. However, the biogeography and community structure remain largely unknown.

Global diversity and biogeography of potential phytopathogenic fungi in a changing world.

Phytopathogenic fungi threaten global food security but the ecological drivers of their global diversity and biogeography remain unknown. Here, we construct and analyse a global atlas of potential phytopathogenic fungi from 20,312 samples across all continents and major oceanic island regions, eleven land cover types, and twelve habitat types. We show a peak in the diversity of phytopathogenic fungi in mid-latitude regions, in contrast to the latitudinal diversity gradients observed in aboveground organisms.

Changes in soil stoichiometry, soil organic carbon mineralization and bacterial community assembly processes across soil profiles.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is essential to biogeochemical recycling in terrestrial ecosystem. However, the microbial mechanisms underlying the nutrient-induced SOC mineralization remain uncertain. Here, we investigated how SOC mineralization was linked to microbial assembly processes as well as soil nutrient availability and stoichiometric ratio in a paddy rice ecosystem at four soil profile levels.

Potential effect of key soil bacterial taxa on the increase of rice yield under milk vetch rotation.

Legume crop rotation is often adopted in rice cultivation to improve soil productivity. However, little is known about the role of microbes under legume rotation in affecting soil productivity. To elucidate this, a long-term paddy cropping experiment was set up to study the relationship between crop yield, soil chemical properties, and key microbial taxa under a double-rice and milk vetch rotation.

Using Potential Molecular Transformation To Understand the Molecular Trade-Offs in Soil Dissolved Organic Matter.

Understanding the chemical composition and molecular transformation in soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important to the global carbon cycle. To address this issue, ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was applied to investigate DOM molecules in 36 paddy soils collected from subtropical China. All the detected 7576 unique molecules were divided into seven compound groups, and nine trade-off relationships between different compound groups were revealed based on principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation.

Reduced chemodiversity suppresses rhizosphere microbiome functioning in the mono-cropped agroecosystems.

Background: Rhizodeposits regulate rhizosphere interactions, processes, nutrient and energy flow, and plant-microbe communication and thus play a vital role in maintaining soil and plant health. However, it remains unclear whether and how alteration in belowground carbon allocation and chemodiversity of rhizodeposits influences microbiome functioning in the rhizosphere ecosystems. To address this research gap, we investigated the relationship of rhizosphere carbon allocation and chemodiversity with microbiome biodiversity and functioning during peanut (Arachis hypogaea) continuous mono-cropping.

Temperature and moisture mediated changes in chemical and microbial properties of biochars in an Anthrosol.

Sequestration of soil carbon is considered as a promising strategy for mitigating climate change. As a source of recalcitrant carbon, biochar has been widely used in agricultural soil as a mean of stabilizing soil organic carbon (SOC). However, limited reports focused on the changes of biochar itself in soil when compared with the bulk SOC after biochar addition.

Phosphorus availability increases pathobiome abundance and invasion of rhizosphere microbial networks by Ralstonia.

Soil disease-suppressiveness depends on complex interactions among pathogens, native microbiota, and physicochemical properties, while these interactions remain understudied. Comparing field and microcosm experiments, we investigated the significance of these interactions in disease emergence or suppression using structural equation modelling (SEM) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. We observed significant differences in the relative abundance of pathogenic and beneficial microbes, alpha and beta diversity indices between disease-conducive and -suppressive rhizosphere soils.

Assessing the ecological risk of pesticides should not ignore the impact of their transformation byproducts - The case of chlorantraniliprole.

Risk assessments for pesticides typically focus on the compound itself ignoring the impact of its transformation byproducts. Challenges in isolating such byproducts (i.e.

Important ecophysiological roles of non-dominant Actinobacteria in plant residue decomposition, especially in less fertile soils.

Background: Microbial-driven decomposition of plant residues is integral to carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Actinobacteria, one of the most widely distributed bacterial phyla in soils, are known for their ability to degrade plant residues in vitro. However, their in situ importance and specific activity across contrasting ecological environments are not known.

Evaluation of Microbe-Driven Soil Organic Matter Quantity and Quality by Thermodynamic Theory.

Microbial communities, coupled with substrate quality and availability, regulate the stock (formation versus mineralization) of soil organic matter (SOM) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of how soil microbes interact with contrasting substrates influencing SOM quantity and quality is still very superficial. Here, we used thermodynamic theory principles and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) to evaluate the linkages between dissolved organic matter (DOM [organic substrates in soil that are readily available]), thermodynamic quality, and microbial communities.

Insights into enhanced biodegradation of sulfadimethoxine by catalyst: Transcriptomic responses and free radical interactions.

The occurrence of sulfonamides in the environment is a severe global threat to public health due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic selection pressure that may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. We report an enhanced biodegradation of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Pc) with lignocellulosic biomass (Lb) using FeO-ZSM-5 as a catalyst (Pc/FeO-ZSM-5/Lb). SDM was completely degraded within 4 days at pH 7.

Molecular level changes during suppression of Rhizoctonia solani growth by humic substances and relationships with chemical structure.

Elucidation of the inhibitory effects of humic substances (HSs) on phytopathogenic fungi and the underlying molecular mechanisms are highly important for improved biocontrol. In this study, we investigated the growth suppression, morphological characteristics, transcriptomic sequence, and radical signals of Rhizoctonia solani following HS addition (50 mg/L). Through mycelial cultured experiment, mycelia growth of R.

Biodegradation mechanisms of sulfonamides by Phanerochaete chrysosporium - Luffa fiber system revealed at the transcriptome level.

The overuse of antibiotics and subsequent enrichment of antibiotic resistant microbes in the natural and built environments is a severe threat to global public health. In this study, a Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungal-luffa fiber system was found to efficiently biodegrade two sulfonamides, sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and sulfadizine (SDZ), in cow urine wastewater. Biodegradation pathways were proposed on the basis of key metabolites identified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqTOF-MS).

Does anaerobic condition play a more positive role in dissipation of antibiotic resistance genes in soil?

The persistence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) under the aerobic vs. anaerobic conditions is unknown, especially under different fertilization. Towards this goal, a microcosm experiment was carried out with chemical fertilized and manured soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Soil microbiome-induced changes in the priming effects of C-labelled substrates from rice residues.

Knowledge gap exists to understand the soil CO emission and microbial group response to substrates of whole plant residues and derived biochar. We used C-labelled substrates (rice straw, roots and biochar) to track influences of their decomposition on soil priming effect (PE) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition during one-year incubation. Organic substrates at 1% (w/w) level increased soil pH, available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP), especially during the first 45 days of incubation.

Postintroduction evolution contributes to the successful invasion of .

The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis states that, when introduced in a novel habitat, invasive species may reallocate resources from costly quantitative defense mechanisms against enemies to dispersal and reproduction; meanwhile, the refinement of EICA suggests that concentrations of toxins used for qualitative defense against generalist herbivores may increase. Previous studies considered that only few genotypes were introduced to the new range, whereas most studies to test the EICA (or the refinement of EICA) hypotheses did not consider founder effects.In this study, genetic and phenotypic data of populations sampled across native and introduced ranges were combined to investigate the role of postintroduction evolution in the successful invasion of .

Spatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China.

Fungi underpin almost all terrestrial ecosystem functions, yet our understanding of their community ecology lags far behind that of other organisms. Here, red paddy soils in subtropical China were collected across a soil depth profile, comprising 0-to-10-cm- (0-10cm-), 10-20cm-, and 20-40cm-deep layers. Using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, distance-decay relationships (DDRs), and ecological models, fungal assemblages and their spatial patterns were investigated from each soil depth.

Responses of microbial communities to a gradient of pig manure amendment in red paddy soils.

Microbial communities play a key role in maintaining agroecosystem functioning and sustainability, but their response to excessive animal manure application and relevant mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. This study investigated the responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to pig manure (PM) amendment in red paddy soils. High-throughput sequencing revealed that PM amendment significantly reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria yet increased that of Bacteroidetes, Ignavibacteriae, Firmicutes, and Rozellomycota.