Cathepsin B as a key regulator of ferroptosis in microglia following intracerebral hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke marked by elevated mortality and disability rates. Recently, mounting evidence suggests a significant role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of ICH. Through a combination of bioinformatics analysis and basic experiments, our goal is to identify the primary cell types and key molecules implicated in ferroptosis post-ICH.

Evaluation of the antiwear-ability/scratch-resistance efficacy of makeup products by in vitro test method application.

Objective: The objective of this study is to propose a method for assessing the antiwear-ability (AW) or surface scratch-resistance (SR) efficacy of makeup products through in vitro experiments.

Materials And Method: The method primarily involves measuring the change in weight as a means of evaluating the overall effectiveness. AW/SR effects are evaluated by applying a fixed amount of makeup product on artificial fake skin and comparing the weight difference after simulated friction/scratch.

Comparative study of instrumental measurement and sensory evaluation methods for the repairing effect of mildly damaged hair bundles.

Objective: This study explores the applicability and scientific accuracy of instrument measurements in repairing hair products on slightly damaged hair bundles.

Materials And Method: Sixty hair bundles mildly damaged with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia standards were divided into two groups: the treatment and control groups (30 hair bundles each). The treatment group used commercial hair care essential oil, whereas the control group used tap water to treat the damage.

Oestrogen ameliorates blood-brain barrier damage after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage via the SHH pathway in male rats.

Background: Sex differences affect the occurrence, progression and regression of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Oestrogen plays a protective role in alleviating the vasospasm and neuronal apoptosis induced by SAH. However, whether oestrogen affects blood‒brain barrier (BBB) integrity has not been fully studied.

Therapeutic applications of hydrogen sulfide and novel donors for cerebral ischemic stroke: a narrative review.

Ischemic stroke happens when the blood supply to the brain is obstructed and it is associated with numerous complex mechanisms, such as activated apoptosis genes, oxidative stress and reaction of inflammation, which finally result in neurological deficits. Several gases have been proved to have neuroprotective roles, even the classic gases that are thought to be toxic such as hydrogen sulfide (HS). HS is the third identified endogenous gas signaling molecule following carbon monoxide and nitric oxide.

Aquaporin 4 Depolarization-Enhanced Transferrin Infiltration Leads to Neuronal Ferroptosis after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.

The infiltration of blood components into the brain parenchyma through the lymphoid system is an important cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage injury. AQP4, a water channel protein located at the astrocyte foot, has been reported to regulate blood-brain barrier integrity, and its polarization is disrupted after SAH. Neuronal ferroptosis is involved in subarachnoid hemorrhage- (SAH-) induced brain injury, but the inducing factors are not completely clear.

Unbalanced Regulation of Sec22b and Ykt6 Blocks Autophagosome Axonal Retrograde Flux in Neuronal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in ischemic penumbra is accountable for poor outcome of ischemic stroke patients receiving recanalization therapy. Compelling evidence previously demonstrated a dual role of autophagy in stroke. This study aimed to understand the traits of autophagy in the ischemic penumbra and the potential mechanism that switches the dual role of autophagy.

Ischemia-induced cleavage of OPA1 at S1 site aggravates mitochondrial fragmentation and reperfusion injury in neurons.

Neuronal mitochondrial dynamics are disturbed after ischemic stroke. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and its GTPase activity are involved in maintaining mitochondrial cristae and inner membrane fusion. This study aimed to explore the role of OMA1-mediated OPA1 cleavage (S1-OPA1) in neurons exposed to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators versus interferon beta for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: findings from randomized controlled trials.

Background: As one kind of disease-modifying therapies, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators such as fingolimod, ozanimod, and siponimod have been approved or are being developed to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been implemented to compare the efficacy and safety of S1PR modulators versus interferon beta in the treatment of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Method: We searched RCTs which were implemented from January 2010 to June 2020 by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Endovascular Therapy Versus Anticoagulation for Treatment of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cause of stroke that mainly affects the young. Anticoagulation (AC) with heparin is the mainstay of treatment for CVST. Although highly anticipated, endovascular therapy (ET) including local thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy has been controversial.

Pitolisant versus placebo for excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials.

Excessive daytime sleepiness is considered as the prominent symptom in narcolepsy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Pitolisant is a novel selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist approved for improving excessive daytime sleepiness. The meta-analysis is conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of pitolisant versus placebo for excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy and OSA.

Neurovascular Units and Neural-Glia Networks in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: from Mechanisms to Translation.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the most lethal type of stroke, often leads to poor outcomes in the clinic. Due to the complex mechanisms and cell-cell crosstalk during ICH, the neurovascular unit (NVU) was proposed to serve as a promising therapeutic target for ICH research. This review aims to summarize the development of pathophysiological shifts in the NVU and neural-glia networks after ICH.

Efficacy and safety of solriamfetol for excessive sleepiness in narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea: findings from randomized controlled trials.

Background: Solriamfetol is developed for the treatment of excessive sleepiness in adult patients with narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). No systematic review of existing literature has been investigated before. Therefore, the meta-analysis is conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of solriamfetol for excessive sleepiness in narcolepsy and OSA.

Adverse Effects of Esketamine for the Treatment of Major Depression Disorder: Findings from Randomized Controlled Trials.

Esketamine is a promising drug which can induce antidepressant effects in Major Depression Disorder (MDD). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been implemented to assess the efficacy and safety of esketamine for the treatment of MDD. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to assess adverse effect profiles of esketamine for the treatment of MDD.

Clinical laboratory characteristics of severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To identify clinical characteristics of severe patients with COVID-19.

Methods: The WHO database of publications on COVID-19 and PubMed were searched from inception to March 20, 2020 and all valuable studies were analyzed using Stata 15.0.

Sex-Specific Associations of Smoking with Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Findings from Observational Studies.

Background: Some studies have reported that women are at higher risk for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) compared with men, and smoking is the most important lifestyle risk factor for spontaneous SAH. However, it is still unknown whether the risk of SAH from smoking and smoking status is differential for women and men. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the effect of smoking on SAH in women compared with men.

Galectin-9 Promotes Neuronal Restoration via Binding TLR-4 in a Rat Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Galactose lectin-9 (Gal-9) belongs to the family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, which has been shown to play a vital role in immune tolerance and inflammation. However, the function of Gal-9 in ICH has not been fully studied in details.

Luteolin alleviates neuroinflammation via downregulating the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage.

The activation of microglia and inflammatory responses is essential for the process of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury (SBI). In this study, we investigated the effects of luteolin on ICH-induced SBI and the potential mechanisms. Autologous blood was injected to establish the ICH model in vivo, and oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) was used to mimic the ICH model in vitro.