Conserved cis-elements enable NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 regulation by NODULE INCEPTION during nodulation.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation within nitrogen-fixing clade (NFC) plants is thought to have arisen from a single gain followed by massive losses in the genomes of ancestral non-nodulating plants. However, molecular evidence supporting this model is limited. Here, we confirm through bioinformatic analysis that NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 (NAD1) is present only in NFC plants and is thus an NFC-specific gene.

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists for refractory thrombocytopenia in patients after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell (ASC) transplantation (ASCT) is an effective treatment method for patients with hematological disorders and malignant diseases. The patient's ASCs are harvested prior to radiotherapy/chemotherapy, cryopreserved and then transfused back after the high-dose radiotherapy/chemotherapy conditioning treatment. Since some patients develop thrombocytopenia after receiving ASCT, it is difficult for them to bear simultaneously the management of their original disease and thrombocytopenia.

HSP90/CDC37 inactivation promotes degradation of LKB1 protein to suppress AMPK signaling in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to sulfur mustard analog, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide.

To investigate the role of the liver kinase (LK) B1 protein, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in AMPK signaling suppression when exposed to vesicant, a kind of chemical warfare agent. Cultured human bronchial epithelial cells were inflicted with sulfur mustard (SM) analog, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) of 0.2-1.

Azacitidine and lenalidomide combination: a novel relapse prophylaxis regimen after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Introduction: While allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) can be a curative regimen for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), relapse of AML remains a serious risk post-transplantation. Once relapsed, salvage options are limited and management of AML is difficult. Here we designed a prospective study to examine the efficacy and tolerability of maintenance therapy with azacytidine (AZA) plus low-dose lenalidomide (LEN) to prevent relapse after allo-HSCT for AML patients (ChiCTR2200061803).

Progress on the efficacy and potential mechanisms of rapamycin in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia.

Objective: The complex pathogenesis of relapsed and refractory (R/R) immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) contributes to the varied efficacy and tolerability of current treatment regimens. Rapamycin, an immunomodulatory agent, was originally used in the prevention of organ rejection after organ transplantation. Additional evidence now shows that rapamycin can successfully treat R/R ITP.

Sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide increases triglycerides by activating DGAT1-dependent biogenesis and inhibiting PGC1ɑ-dependent fat catabolism in immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells.

Using sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), we established an model by poisoning cultured immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells. Nile Red staining revealed lipids accumulated 24 h after a toxic dose of CEES (0.9 mM).

Clinical characteristics in immune thrombocytopenia patients after COVID-19 vaccination.

It is well documented that COVID-19 vaccines greatly reduce the severity and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it has been reported that COVID-19 related vaccines may induce or exacerbate autoimmune hematological disorders, for example, a decrease in platelet numbers characteristic of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). To investigate this, we retrospectively reported, for the first time, the clinical characteristics of 42 ITP patients after COVID-19 vaccination in southwest China.

Pretransplantation minimal residual disease monitoring by multiparameter flow cytometry predicts outcomes of AML patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background And Purpose: Is minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) prognostic for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients before allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)? And if so, what level of MRD eradication can be used to help guide the timing of HSCT? Can haplo-HSCT improve the prognosis of AML patients with MRD positive? To figure out these questions, we initiated this retrospective study.

Methods: 96 AML patients were included retrospectively and divided into 5 groups, according to pre-transplantation MRD levels (from 5 × 10 to <1 × 10), to analyze the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR). Secondly, we compared the prognosis of MRD-negative (MRD) and MRD-positive (MRD) AML patients (cutoff value = 1 × 10) who underwent allo-HSCT, and further analyzed the prognosis of MRD patients after received different transplantation modalities.

Vitamin D3 protects against nitrogen mustard-induced apoptosis of the bronchial epithelial cells via activating the VDR/Nrf2/Sirt3 pathway.

Respiratory system injury is the main cause of mortality for nitrogen mustard (NM)-induced damage. Previous studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) participates in NM-mediated respiratory injuries, but the detailed mechanism is not quite clear. Human bronchial epithelial cell lines 16HBE and BEAS-2B were treated with HN2, a type of NM.

Small-interfering RNA for c-Jun attenuates cell death by preventing JNK-dependent PARP1 cleavage and DNA fragmentation in nitrogen mustard-injured immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells.

Sulfur mustard (a type of vesicant) can directly damage lung bronchial epithelium via aerosol inhalation, and prevalent cell death is an early event that obstructs the respiratory tract. JNK/c-Jun is a stress response pathway, but its role in cell death of the injured cells is not clear. Here, we report that JNK/c-Jun was activated in immortalized human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to a lethal dose (20 μM) of nitrogen mustard (NM, a sulfur mustard analog).

Case Report: PD-1 Blockade Combined Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With Modified BEAM Regimen Containing High-Dose Cytarabine to Treat R/R Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

The emergence of new drugs has provided additional options in the treatment of relapsed and refractory (R/R) Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). However, the use of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has not been completely replaced in this setting. The use of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody bridging to ASCT and as maintenance after transplantation is a novel approach in HL treatment.

Critical role of cysteine-266 of SIE3 in regulating the ubiquitination and degradation of SIP1 transcription factor in Lotus japonicus.

A conserved cysteine residue (C266)-mediated homo-dimerization of SIE3 is required for the ubiquitination and degradation of SIP1 transcription factor in Lotus japonicas CTLH/CRA/RING-containing proteins have been shown to possess E3-ligase activities and are crucial for the regulation of numerous cellular signaling pathways. In our previous studies, SIE3 (SymRK-Interacting E3 ubiquitin ligase), a CTLH/CRA/RING-containing protein from Lotus japonicus, has been shown to associate with both Symbiosis Receptor Kinase (SymRK) and SIP1 (SymRK interacting protein 1) transcription factor, and ubiquitinate SymRK (Yuan et al. Plant Physiol 160 (1):106-117, 2012; Feng et al.

Vitamin D3 ameliorates nitrogen mustard-induced cutaneous inflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome through the SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS signaling pathway.

Nitrogen mustard (NM) causes severe skin injury with an obvious inflammatory response, which is lack of effective and targeted therapies. Vitamin D3 (VD3) has excellent anti-inflammatory properties and is considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of NM-induced dermal toxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2; a widely used marker of skin inflammation) plays a key role in NM-induced cutaneous inflammation.

PGC-1ɑ Mediated-EXOG, a Specific Repair Enzyme for Mitochondrial DNA, Plays an Essential Role in the Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity of PC12 Cells.

Mitochondria harbor small circular genomes (mtDNA) that encode 13 oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins, and types of damage to mtDNA may contribute to neuronal damage. Recent studies suggested that regulation of mtDNA repair proteins may be a potential strategy for treating neuronal damage. The mtDNA repair system contains its own repair enzymes and is independent from the nuclear DNA repair system.

The Role of mTOR Inhibitors in Hematologic Disease: From Bench to Bedside.

The mTOR pathway plays a central role in many cellular processes, such as cellular growth, protein synthesis, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Aberrant regulation of mTOR is a hallmark of many cancers, including hematological malignancies. mTOR inhibitors, such as Rapamycin and Rapamycin analogs (Rapalogs), have become a promising class of agents to treat malignant blood diseases-either alone or in combination with other treatment regimens.

Targeting TRPV1-mediated autophagy attenuates nitrogen mustard-induced dermal toxicity.

Nitrogen mustard (NM) causes severe vesicating skin injury, which lacks effective targeted therapies. The major limitation is that the specific mechanism of NM-induced skin injury is not well understood. Recently, autophagy has been found to play important roles in physical and chemical exposure-caused cutaneous injuries.

Sirolimus as Rescue Therapy for Refractory/Relapsed Immune Thrombocytopenia: Results of a Single-Center, Prospective, Single-Arm Study.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease which arises due to self-destruction of circulating platelets. Failure to respond or maintain a response to first-line treatment can lead to refractory/relapsed (R/R) ITP. The mechanism remains complicated and lacks a standard clinical treatment.

Efficacy of probiotics on cognition, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment - a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Probiotics are live microbes that confer health benefits to the host. Preliminary animal evidence supports the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating cognitive health, however, findings from clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects are controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis is needed to clarify the efficacy of probiotics on cognition in AD or MCI patients.

Nitrogen mustard prevents transport of Fra-1 into the nucleus to promote c-Fos- and FosB-dependent IL-8 induction in injured mouse epidermis.

Transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1 can be activated in nitrogen-mustard-injured mouse skin, and is thought to participate in the inflammatory response. AP-1 consists of homo- or heterodimers of Fos [c-Fos, Fos-B, fos-related antigen (Fra)-1 and Fra-2] and Jun (c-Jun, JunB and JunD) family members, and information about their expression, location and function are still unclear. In nitrogen-mustard-exposed mouse skin, we found p-ERK activation increased Fra-1 and FosB.

TET2 Function in Hematopoietic Malignancies, Immune Regulation, and DNA Repair.

Over the last decade, investigation of () gene function and mutation have become of increasing interest in the field of hematology. This heightened interest was sparked by the seminal discoveries that (1) mutation is associated with development of hematological malignancies and that (2) the TET family of proteins is critical in promoting DNA demethylation and immune homeostasis. Since then, additional studies have begun to unravel the question "Does TET2 have additional biological functions in the regulation of hematopoiesis?" Here, we present a mini-review focused on the current understanding of TET2 in hematopoiesis, hematological malignancies, and immune regulation.

Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin Supplementation Prevents Rat Liver from Aflatoxin B-Induced Oxidative Damage and Genotoxicity.

Egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY), as nutraceutical supplement for therapeutic or prophylactic intervention, have been extensively studied. The effects of IgY on small molecular toxin-induced toxicity in animals are unclear. In the present study, the protection of highly purified and specific anti-AFB IgY against AFB-induced genotoxicity and oxidative damage on the rat liver model were investigated.

Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel regulates mitochondrial dynamics to participate in neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been the focus of the pathogenesis of PD. The mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) plays a significant role in mitochondrial physiology and has been extensively shown to protect against ischemic and brain reperfusion injury.

Formation and degradation of nitrogen mustard-induced MGMT-DNA crosslinking in 16HBE cells.

N-methyl-2,2-di(chloroethyl)amine (HN2) is a kind of bifunctional alkyltating agent, which can react with nucleophilic groups in DNA and/or protein to form HN2-bridged crosslinking of target molecules, such as DNA-protein crosslinkings (DPC). O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA damage repair enzyme which solely repairs alkyl adduct on DNA directly. However, MGMT was detected to act as a protein cross-linked with DNA via alkylation in presence of HN2, and unexpectedly turned into a DNA damage enhancer in the form of MGMT-DNA cross-link (mDPC).

Cytoplasmic expression of C-MYC protein is associated with risk stratification of mantle cell lymphoma.

Aim: To investigate the association of C-MYC protein expression and risk stratification in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and to evaluate the utility of C-MYC protein as a prognostic biomarker in clinical practice.

Methods: We conducted immunohistochemical staining of C-MYC, Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD8, Ki-67, p53 and SRY (sex determining region Y) -11 (SOX11) to investigate their expression in 64 patients with MCL. The staining results and other clinical data were evaluated for their roles in risk stratification of MCL cases using ANOVA, Chi-square, and Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient analysis.