Cloned airway basal progenitor cells to repair fibrotic lung through re-epithelialization.

Irreversible damage of the lung epithelium in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients causes high mortality worldwide, with no lung repair approaches available currently. Here we show that in murine and monkey models, the KRT5 P63 progenitor cells in airway basal layer can enter the alveolar area post fibrotic injury. Aided with an automated culture system, we clone and characterize airway basal progenitor cells from 44 donors with various lung conditions.

Liquid-liquid phase separation: a new perspective on respiratory diseases.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is integral to various biological processes, facilitating signal transduction by creating a condensed, membrane-less environment that plays crucial roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Recent evidence has underscored the significance of LLPS in human health and disease. However, its implications in respiratory diseases remain poorly understood.

Dynasore Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are clinically severe respiratory disorders without available pharmacological therapies. Dynasore is a cell-permeable molecule that inhibits GTPase activity and exerts protective effects in several disease models. However, whether dynasore can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI is unknown.

Anticancer potential of grifolin in lung cancer treatment through PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition.

Objective: Grifolin is a natural secondary metabolite isolated from edible fruiting bodies of the mushroom . Grifolin has antitumor activities in several types of cancer. We aimed to determine the effects of grifolin on lung cancer.

Correction: Guo et al. A Siamese Transformer Network for Zero-Shot Ancient Coin Classification. 2023, , 107.

Jochen Büttner was not included as an author in the original publication [...

The upregulation of peripheral CD3CD56CD16 natural killer cells correlates with Th1/Th2 imbalance in asthma patients during acute upper respiratory viral infections.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to clarify the changes of peripheral CD3CD56CD16 NK cells and their correlation with Th1/Th2 immunity profiles in asthma during the phase of acute upper respiratory viral infections (AURVIs).

Methods: Peripheral venous blood and induced sputum samples were collected from 56 mild asthma patients, 49 asthma patients with AURVIs and 50 healthy subjects. Peripheral CD3CD56CD16 NK cells were monitored by flow cytometry during the course of acute viral infections.

A Siamese Transformer Network for Zero-Shot Ancient Coin Classification.

Ancient numismatics, the study of ancient coins, has in recent years become an attractive domain for the application of computer vision and machine learning. Though rich in research problems, the predominant focus in this area to date has been on the task of attributing a coin from an image, that is of identifying its issue. This may be considered the cardinal problem in the field and it continues to challenge automatic methods.

Central nervous system efficacy of rezivertinib (BPI-7711) in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR T790M mutation: A pooled analysis of two clinical studies.

Background: Rezivertinib (BPI-7711) is a novel third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which revealed the systematic and central nervous system (CNS) antitumor activities for EGFR T790M-mutated advanced NSCLC in previous clinical studies and is further analyzed here.

Methods: Eligible patients from the previous phase I and phase IIb studies of rezivertinib were included for pooled analysis. Post-progressive patients who received a prescribed dosage (≥180 mg) of rezivertinib orally once daily were included in full analysis set (FAS), while those with stable, asymptomatic CNS lesions, including measurable and non-measurable ones at baseline were included in CNS full analysis set (cFAS).

Machine learning methods for protein-protein binding affinity prediction in protein design.

Protein-protein interactions govern a wide range of biological activity. A proper estimation of the protein-protein binding affinity is vital to design proteins with high specificity and binding affinity toward a target protein, which has a variety of applications including antibody design in immunotherapy, enzyme engineering for reaction optimization, and construction of biosensors. However, experimental and theoretical modelling methods are time-consuming, hinder the exploration of the entire protein space, and deter the identification of optimal proteins that meet the requirements of practical applications.

LINC00491 Facilitates Tumor Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma via Wnt/β-Catenin-Signaling Pathway by Regulating MTSS1 Ubiquitination.

Long non-coding RNAs have been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis and progression through different regulatory mechanisms. It has been reported that aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNA LINC00491 promotes malignancy in multiple tumors, while the role of LINC00491 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is little reported and the mechanism for regulating tumor progression has not been elucidated. RNA sequencing and the TCGA database were combined to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs that facilitate tumor progression.

Glycoprotein M6A Suppresses Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression via Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of lung cancer and has high morbidity and mortality. Glycoprotein M6A (GPM6A) is a neuronal membrane glycoprotein reported to be related with cancer. However, studies on GPM6A in lung adenocarcinoma are rare.

Apelin-13 facilitates mitochondria homeostasis via mitophagy to prevent against airway oxidative injury in asthma.

Oxidative stress is a major mediator in the pathogenesis of allergens-induced asthma. Mitochondria damage and dysfunction is considered to be closely related with oxidative stress. Apelin-13 is a novel multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in neuroinflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Efficacy and Safety of Rezivertinib (BPI-7711) in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic/Recurrent EGFR T790M-Mutated NSCLC: A Phase 2b Study.

Introduction: Rezivertinib (BPI-7711) is a novel third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting both EGFR-sensitizing mutations and EGFR T790M mutation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rezivertinib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic/recurrent EGFR T790M-mutated NSCLC.

Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic/recurrent NSCLC with confirmed EGFR T790M mutation who progressed after first-/second-generation EGFR TKI therapy or primary EGFR T790M mutation were enrolled.

Inhibition of AHNAK nucleoprotein 2 alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and advanced interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis. AHNAK nucleoprotein 2 (AHNAK2) is a macromolecular protein that is important for cell migration and muscle membrane repair. The protein acts via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of IPF.

SEC61G participates in endoplasmic reticulum stress by interacting with CREB3 to promote the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma.

As the most common type of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) poses a great threat to human health worldwide and severely compromises the quality of life of the patients. The present study aimed to explore the potential pathogenesis of LUAD. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were applied to measure the expression levels of SEC61 translocon subunit γ (SEC61G) and cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 (CREB3).

Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Rezivertinib (BPI-7711) in Patients With Advanced NSCLC With EGFR T790M Mutation: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation and Dose-Expansion Study.

Introduction: Rezivertinib (BPI-7711) is a novel third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor selective for EGFR-sensitizing and T790M mutations. This study was designed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of rezivertinib for patients having advanced NSCLC with EGFR T790M mutation.

Methods: This phase 1 study (NCT03386955) was conducted across 20 sites in the People's Republic of China.

Efficacy and safety of MIL60 compared with bevacizumab in advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind study.

Background: We compared the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of MIL60 with reference bevacizumab as first-line treatment in patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in this phase 3, randomized, double-blind study.

Methods: Patients with untreated advanced or recurrent NSCLC were randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive either MIL60 or bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel/carboplatin. Patients with non-progressive disease continued maintenance single-agent MIL60 until disease progression, or intolerable toxicity.

Progranulin Protects Against Airway Remodeling Through the Modulation of Autophagy via HMGB1 Suppression in House Dust Mite-Induced Chronic Asthma.

Purpose: Airway remodeling is an important feature of chronic asthma, and yet there are few effective therapeutic strategies. Progranulin (PGRN) has been shown to have lung protective functions, but the role of PGRN in asthmatic airway remodeling is unclear. We aim to explore the protective potential of PGRN on house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway remodeling and the underlying mechanisms.

Bevacizumab biosimilar LY01008 compared with bevacizumab (Avastin) as first-line treatment for Chinese patients with unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, phase III trial.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the preclinical pharmacological and toxicological consistency, and clinical pharmacokinetic equivalence of bevacizumab biosimilar LY01008 with reference bevacizumab (Avastin). This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of LY01008 with Avastin in first-line treatment of Chinese patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Stage IIIB-IV NSCLC patients with evaluable lesions, good physical status, and adequate organ functions from 67 centers across China were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to receive LY01008 or Avastin 15 mg/kg intravenously in combination with paclitaxel/carboplatin (combined treatment) for 4-6 cycles, followed by maintenance monotherapy with LY01008 until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or death.

Hydrogen/oxygen therapy for the treatment of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial.

Background: To investigate whether the administration of hydrogen/oxygen mixture was superior to oxygen in improving symptoms in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial in 10 centres enrolled patient with AECOPD and a Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale (BCSS) score of at least 6 points. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to receive either hydrogen/oxygen mixture or oxygen therapy.

Progranulin Ameliorates Lung Inflammation in an LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury Mouse Model by Modulating Macrophage Polarization and the MAPK Pathway.

Objective: Progranulin (PGRN) has been confirmed to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of PGRN in acute lung injury (ALI) remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore the role of PGRN in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model and in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, as well as to investigate the underlying mechanism of PGRN.

Clara cell 16 KDa protein mitigates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation and damage via regulating airway epithelial cell apoptosis in a manner dependent on HMGB1-mediated signaling inhibition.

Background: House dust mite (HDM) inhalation can cause airway epithelial damage which is implicated in the process of airway inflammation in asthma. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is critically required for cellular damage and apoptosis as an important endogenous danger signal. Recently, Clara cell 16KDa protein (CC16) has been identified to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory influence in various injury-related diseases model.