Body Mass Index and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Asia.

Importance: The global burden of obesity is increasing, as are colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality.

Objectives: To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and risks of incident CRC and CRC-related death in the Asian population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study includes data pooled from 17 prospective cohort studies included in The Asia Cohort Consortium.

Bioremediation of Aflatoxin B by AF01 in Peanut Meal via Solid-State Fermentation.

The use of microorganisms to manage aflatoxin contamination is a gentle and effective approach. The aim of this study was to test the removal of AFB from AFB-contaminated peanut meal by a strain of AF01 screened by the authors and to optimize the conditions of the biocontrol. A regression model with the removal ratio of AFB as the response value was established by means of single-factor and response surface experiments.

The mechanoreceptor Piezo is required for spermatogenesis in Bombyx mori.

Background: The animal sperm shows high diversity in morphology, components, and motility. In the lepidopteran model insect, the silkworm Bombyx mori, two types of sperm, including nucleate fertile eupyrene sperm and anucleate unfertile apyrene sperm, are generated. Apyrene sperm assists fertilization by facilitating the migration of eupyrene spermatozoa from the bursa copulatrix to the spermatheca.

Bimetallic AgCu Nanocluster, Structure Determination, and Nonlinear Optical Properties.

The atomic precision of the subnanometer nanoclusters has provided sound proof on the structural correlation of metal complexes and larger-sized metal nanoparticles. Herein, we report the synthesis, crystallography, structural characterization, electrochemistry, and optical properties of a 133-atom intermetallic nanocluster protected by 57 thiolates (3-methylbenzenethiol, abbreviated as -MBTH) and 3 chlorides, with the formula of AgCu(-MBT)Cl. This is the largest Ag-Cu bimetallic cluster ever reported.

Changing global epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C virus-related outcomes from 2010 to 2019: cirrhosis is the growing burden of hepatitis C virus-related disease.

Background: Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a long-term impact on hepatic consequences. A comprehensive evaluation of the global burden of HCV-related health outcomes can help to develop a global HCV prevention and treatment program.

Methods: We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to comprehensively investigate burden and temporal trends in incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of HCV-related diseases, including liver cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases across 264 countries and territories from 2010 to 2019.

Custom-designed, mass silk production in genetically engineered silkworms.

Genetically engineered silkworms have been widely used to obtain silk with modified characteristics especially by introducing spider silk genes. However, these attempts are still challenging due to limitations in transformation strategies and difficulties in integration of the large DNA fragments. Here, we describe three different transformation strategies in genetically engineered silkworms, including transcription-activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated fibroin light chain (FibL) fusion (BmFibL-F), TALEN-mediated FibH replacement (BmFibH-R), and transposon-mediated genetic transformation with the silk gland-specific fibroin heavy chain (FibH) promoter (BmFibH-T).

Lipid homeostasis is essential for oogenesis and embryogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Reproduction, a fundamental feature of all known life, closely correlates with energy homeostasis. The control of synthesizing and mobilizing lipids are dynamic and well-organized processes to distribute lipid resources across tissues or generations. However, how lipid homeostasis is precisely coordinated during insect reproductive development is poorly understood.

Controlled atmosphere storage drive proteomic change in Chinese Daohuaxiang.

Although the use of a controlled atmosphere is one of the most successful storage techniques, the mechanism thereof in rice storage remains unclear. We stored aromatic rice cultivar Daohuaxiang in a package filled with 98 % N and 35 % CO for 3 months. We investigated 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline loss, enzyme activities, and proteomics changes of rice during storage.

Effects of continuous intravenous infusion with propofol on intestinal metabolites in rats.

Microbial metabolites play an important role in regulating intestinal homeostasis and immune responses. Propofol is a common anesthetic in clinic, but it is not clear whether it affects intestinal metabolites in rats. Tail vein puncture was performed after adaptive feeding for 1 month in eight 2-month-old rats and they were given continuous intravenous infusion of propofol for 3 h.

Single-cell transcriptomes provide insights into expansion of glial cells in Bombyx mori.

The diversity of cell types in the brain and how these change during different developmental stages, remains largely unknown. The life cycle of insects is short and goes through 4 distinct stages including embryonic, larval, pupal, and adult stages. During postembryonic life, the larval brain transforms into a mature adult version after metamorphosis.

Dyspnea-Related Ticagrelor Discontinuation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Nearly 20% of patients on ticagrelor experience dyspnea, which may lead to treatment discontinuation in up to one-third of cases.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of dyspnea-related ticagrelor discontinuation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: In the TWILIGHT (Ticagrelor With Aspirin or Alone in High-Risk Patients After Coronary Intervention) trial, after 3 months of ticagrelor plus aspirin, patients were maintained on ticagrelor and randomized to aspirin or placebo for 1 year.

MALT1 Positively Relates to T Helper 1 and T Helper 17 cells, and Serves as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting 30-Day Mortality in Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection Patients.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1) regulates inflammation and T helper (Th) cell differentiation, which may participate in the progression of Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD). This study intended to assess the association of MALT1 expression with prognosis in TAAD patients. In this prospective study, MALT1 expression was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay from peripheral blood samples in 100 TAAD patients and 100 non-AD controls (non-AD patients with chest pain) before treatment.

Summary of Turbocharging as a Waste Heat Recovery System for a Variable Altitude Internal Combustion Engine.

The increase in altitude causes the decrease in internal combustion engine power and the increase in pollutant emission. Converting waste heat into more useful forms of energy through the recovery of waste heat from internal combustion engines is the most promising mechanism for improving both of these goals. This paper comprehensively reviews the development and research of waste heat recovery technology of an internal combustion engine in a variable altitude environment.

Engineering a complex, multiple enzyme-mediated synthesis of natural plant pigments in the silkworm, .

Plants produce various pigments that not only appear as attractive colors but also provide valuable resources in applications in daily life and scientific research. Biosynthesis pathways for these natural plant pigments are well studied, and most have multiple enzymes that vary among plant species. However, adapting these pathways to animals remains a challenge.

Comparative analysis of anesthesia and clinical efficacy of inhalation anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia in Trigeminal Nerve Balloon Avulsion.

Objective: To observe the anesthesia and clinical efficacy of inhalation anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia in patients with trigeminal neuralgia undergoing surgery.

Methods: This is a retrospective study. Eighty patients with trigeminal neuralgia admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University from July 2018 to July 2021 were selected and divided into two groups according to different anesthesia methods: inhalation group and intravenous group, with 40 cases in each group.

Thrombotic risk in patients with acute coronary syndromes discharged on prasugrel or clopidogrel: results from the PROMETHEUS study.

Aims: Based on recent clinical data, the 2020 ESC guidelines on non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) suggest to tailor antithrombotic strategy on individual thrombotic risk. Nonetheless, prevalence and prognostic impact of the high thrombotic risk (HTR) criteria proposed are yet to be described. In this analysis from the PROMETHEUS registry, we assessed prevalence and prognostic impact of HTR, defined according to the 2020 ESC NSTE-ACS guidelines, and if the benefits associated with prasugrel vs.

Prognostic Value of Chromatin Structure Typing in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

(1) Background: Chromatin structure typing has been used for prognostic risk stratification among cancer survivors. This study aimed to ascertain the prognostic values of ploidy, nucleotyping, and tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) in predicting disease progression for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore whether patients with different nucleotyping profiles can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. (2) Methods: DNA ploidy, nucleotyping, and TSR were measured by chromatin structure typing analysis (Matrix Analyser, Room4, Kent, UK).

Downregulation of HAS‑2 regulates the chondrocyte cytoskeleton and induces cartilage degeneration by activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder, which is principally characterized by the degeneration and destruction of articular cartilage. The cytoskeleton is a vital structure that maintains the morphology and function of chondrocytes, and its destruction is a crucial risk factor leading to chondrocyte degeneration and OA. Hyaluronan synthase‑2 (HAS‑2) is a key enzyme in synthesizing hyaluronic acid (HA) .

Validation of UK-BCIS CHIP Score to Predict 1-Year Outcomes in a Contemporary United States Population.

Background: A complex high-risk indicated percutaneous coronary intervention (CHIP) score was recently developed from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) database to define CHIP cases and their risk of in-hospital major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE).

Objectives: The authors sought to apply this score to a contemporary U.S.

Biolimus-eluting vs. other limus-eluting stents in NSTE-ACS: A pooled analysis of GLASSY and TWILIGHT.

Background: Biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stents (BP-BES) may be associated with better outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to other current-generation limus-eluting stents (LES).

Aims: To compare BP-BES with other current-generation LES in ACS patients undergoing PCI.

Methods: We pooled individual data of Non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE)-ACS patients from two large randomized controlled trials (GLASSY and TWILIGHT).

Impact of coronary artery disease on clinical outcomes after TAVR: Insights from the BRAVO-3 randomized trial.

Objective: To determine the prognostic impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients randomized to bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin (UFH) during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background: CAD is a common comorbidity among patients undergoing TAVR and studies provide conflicting data on its prognostic impact.

Methods: The Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes-3 (BRAVO-3) randomized trial compared the use of bivalirudin versus UFH in 802 high-surgical risk patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.

Revascularization Strategies for Patients With Femoropopliteal Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: No adequately powered studies exist to compare major clinical outcomes after endovascular therapy (EVT) with stent implantation vs bypass surgery (BSx) for symptomatic femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease.

Objectives: This study sought to perform a pooled analysis of individual patient data from all randomized controlled trials comparing EVT vs BSx.

Methods: Principal investigators of 5 of 6 available randomized controlled trials agreed to pool individual patient data.

Impact of complex percutaneous coronary intervention features on clinical outcomes in patients with or without chronic kidney disease.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at higher risk of ischemic and bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Complex PCI (CPCI) is associated with higher rates of ischemic complications. Whether CPCI confers an additive risk of adverse events in CKD patients is unclear.

Ticagrelor with or without aspirin in high-risk patients with anaemia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a subgroup analysis of the TWILIGHT trial.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ticagrelor monotherapy among high-risk patients with anaemia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods And Results: In the TWILIGHT (Ticagrelor with Aspirin or Alone in High-Risk Patients after Coronary Intervention) trial, after 3 months of ticagrelor plus aspirin, high-risk patients were maintained on ticagrelor and randomized to aspirin or placebo for 1 year. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin <13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women.