Phenethylferulate as a natural inhibitor of inflammation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages: focus on NF-κB, Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.

Background: Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (NRR) is commonly used for the treatment of inflammation-linked diseases. Phenethylferulate (PF) is high content in NRR crude, but its anti-inflammatory effect remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of PF and its underlying molecular mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.

TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats.

Inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory pathways exerts a critical effect on neuronal death; therefore, it is a possible new therapeutic approach for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Resatorvid (TAK-242) is a novel small-molecule compound widely used to inhibit TLR4-mediated pathways, but the protective mechanism of TAK-242 in TBI remains unclear. Herein, we analyzed the neuroprotective effects of TAK-242 in rats after TBI.

Atorvastatin prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in TBI mice.

Background: Our present study evaluated the neuroprotection effects of atorvastatin by inhibiting TBI-induced ER stress, as well as the potential role of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in experimental TBI.

Methods: First, the mice were divided into four groups:sham, TBI, TBI+Vehicle and TBI+atorvastatin groups. The mice received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) through intragastric gavage once a day for 3 days before TBI.

Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives Containing Phenylpyridine Moieties with Herbicidal Activity.

To discover new compounds with favorable herbicidal activity, a range of phenylpyridine moiety-containing pyrazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and identified via NMR and HRMS. Their herbicidal activities against six species of weeds were evaluated in a greenhouse via both pre- and post-emergence treatments at 150 g a.i.

Resveratrol attenuates autophagy and inflammation after traumatic brain injury by activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in rats.

Aim Of The Study: Accumulating studies have demonstrated that neuronal autophagy and inflammation are crucial for hippocampus development in rats subjected to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, we have investigated whether resveratrol is protective against brain damage through the attenuation of neuronal autophagy and inflammation, and explored underlying mechanisms.

Material And Methods: Rats were injected with resveratrol (50 mg/kg, i.

Protective role of wogonin following traumatic brain injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis via the PI3K/Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is usually caused by accidental injuries and traffic accidents, with a very high mortality rate. Treatment and management following TBI are essential to reduce patient injury and help improve long‑term prognosis. Wogonin is a flavonoid compound with an antioxidant effect extracted from Georgi.

mA reader IGF2BP2-stabilized CASC9 accelerates glioblastoma aerobic glycolysis by enhancing HK2 mRNA stability.

N-methyladenosine (mA) has been identified to exert critical roles in human cancer; however, the regulation of mA modification on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CASC9 (cancer susceptibility 9) is still unclear. Firstly, MeRIP-Seq revealed the mA profile in the GBM. Moreover, the mA-related lncRNA CASC9 expression was significantly elevated in the GBM tissue and its ectopic high expression was associated with poor survival, acting as an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients.

miR-363-3p induces EMT via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in glioma cells by targeting CELF2.

In our previous study, we reported that CELF2 has a tumour-suppressive function in glioma. Here, we performed additional experiments to elucidate better its role in cancer. The expression profile of CELF2 was analysed by the GEPIA database, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the overall survival rates.

Long noncoding RNA LINC00511 induced by SP1 accelerates the glioma progression through targeting miR-124-3p/CCND2 axis.

Mounting evidence suggests the vital roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) in the glioma. However, the role of LINC00511 in gliomagenesis is still uncovered. Here, in this study, we aim to investigate the effects of LINC00511 on the glioma cancer phenotype and its deepgoing mechanism.

Synaptic Plasticity of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiating into Neuron-like Cells In Vitro Induced by Edaravone.

Objective: The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) are characterized with the potential ability to differentiate to several types of cells. Edaravone has been demonstrated to prevent the hUMSCs from the oxidative damage, especially its ability in antioxidative stress. We hypothesized that Edaravone induces the hUMSCs into the neuron-like cells.

MiR-29a-Mediated CD133 Expression Contributes to Cisplatin Resistance in CD133 Glioblastoma Stem Cells.

CD133 positive (CD133) cells are cancer stem cells in glioblastoma that are associated with poor prognosis and resistance to radiotherapy. However, the role of CD133 in chemoresistance is inconclusive, although recent studies suggest that increased CD133 expression may lead to increased cisplatin resistance under certain circumstances. In this study, we further explored the mechanism underlying CD133-mediated cisplatin resistance in glioblastoma stem cells.

Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decrease Aβ Deposition and Improve Memory in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice.

Transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAM-MSCs) seems to be a promising strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the clinical therapeutic effects of hAM-MSCs and their mechanisms of action in AD remain to be determined. Here, we used amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin1 (PS1) double-transgenic mice to evaluate the effects of hAM-MSC transplantation on AD-related neuropathology and cognitive dysfunction.

Slit2 and Robo1 expression as biomarkers for assessing prognosis in brain glioma patients.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the clinical significance of Slit2 and Robo1 expression in prognosis of patients with brain gliomas.

Methods: Human brain tissue samples were collected from normal glial tissues (control), low- and high-grade glioma tissues. Slit2 and Robo1 expression levels in cells were assessed by an immunohistochemistry (IHC), and population of the Slit2- and Robo1-presenting patients was examined.

Transplantation of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are considered ideal candidate stem cells for cell-based therapy. In this study, we assessed whether hAMSCs transplantation promotes neurological functional recovery in rats after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). In addition, the potential mechanisms underlying the possible benefits of this therapy were investigated.

Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase 1 Knockdown Suppresses Tumor Formation of Glioma CD133+ Cells Through Upregulating Cell Apoptosis.

Relapse is the main cause of mortality in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Treatment options involve surgical resection followed by a combination of radiotheraphy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Several genes and genetic pathways have been identified to contribute to therapeutic resistance, giving rise to recurrence of the malignancy.

Down-expression of miR-154 suppresses tumourigenesis in CD133(+) glioblastoma stem cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of brain cancer. Evidences have suggested that CD133 is a marker for a subset of glioblastoma cancer stem cells. However, whether miRNA plays a critical role in CD133(+) GBM is poorly understood.

Transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells promotes neurological recovery in an intracerebral hemorrhage rat model.

Human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) have recently been suggested as ideal candidate stem cells for cell-based therapy. Many studies have reported the therapeutic effects of hAMSCs in numerous disease models. However, no studies have used hAMSCs to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Pcdh11x Negatively Regulates Dendritic Branching.

Proper formation of neuronal dendritic branching is crucial for correct brain function. The number and distribution of receptive synaptic contacts are defined by the size and shape of dendritic arbors. Our previous research found that protocadherin 11 X-linked protein (Pcdh11x) is predominantly expressed in neurons and has an influence on dendritic branching.

Three puncture sites used for in utero electroporation show no significantly different negative impacts during gene transfer into the embryonic mouse brain.

Although various ways to manipulate genes in vivo exist, in utero electroporation is a widely used technique, especially in the field of neural development due to its many advantages. In this study, we focused on direct comparison between three puncture sites during in utero electroporation on the death rate of embryos, the thickness and the area of cortex, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cell migration and cell apoptosis. We found no statistical significant differences between the three puncture methods in the death rate of embryos, the thickness and the area of cortex, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cell migration and cell apoptosis.

Protocadherin 11 x regulates differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cell in vitro and in vivo.

Protocadherin 11 X-linked (Pcdh11x) protein is a member of the cadherin superfamily with established roles in cell adhesion. Previous studies have shown the molecular biology and possible relevance of Pcdh11x with neurological disease in humans. However, little is known about the neurophysiological function of Pcdh11x in neural development.

Magnetization reversal in asymmetric trilayer dots: effect of the interlayer magnetostatic coupling.

The spin structure and magnetization reversal in Co/insulator/Fe trilayer nanodots are investigated by micromagnetic simulations. The vortex and C-state are found and the magnetization reversal is dominated by the shape asymmetry of the dots, which is produced by cutting off a fraction of the circular dot. The vortex chirality is thus controlled by the magnetic field direction.

Defect-related ferromagnetism in ultrathin metal-free g-C3N4 nanosheets.

Ultrathin metal-free g-C3N4 nanosheets with intrinsic room temperature ferromagnetism were synthesized by heating urea in an airtight container at different temperatures. Results indicate that the samples' saturation magnetization increases with the carbon defect concentration, revealing its carbon defect related ferromagnetism. Moreover, we further confirmed the defect induced ferromagnetic nature by ab initio calculations.

miR-421 induces cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma via downregulation of FOXO4.

microRNAs have been demonstrated to play important roles in cancer development and progression. Hence, identifying functional microRNAs and better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms would provide new clues for the development of targeted cancer therapies. Herein, we reported that a microRNA, miR-421 played an oncogenic role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Comparison of the neural differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells from amniotic fluid and adult bone marrow.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising tool for cell-based therapies of nervous system diseases. Bone marrow (BM) has been the traditional source of MSCs (BM-MSCs). However, there are some limitations for their clinical use, such as the decline in cell number and differentiation potential with age.