Stabilizing Highly Active Ru Sites by Electron Reservoir in Acidic Oxygen Evolution.

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction. RuO is regarded as a promising alternative to IrO for the anode catalyst of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers due to its superior activity and relatively lower cost compared to IrO. However, the dissolution of Ru induced by its overoxidation under acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) conditions greatly hinders its durability.

Synthesis and characterization of biomass lignin-based PVA super-absorbent hydrogel.

The traditional polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel exhibited poor swelling and mechanical properties, which limited its application. To solve these issues, we use biomass lignin as raw material, PVA as matrix template and epichlorohydrin as cross-linker to prepare the Lignin-PVA super-absorbent hydrogels with the swelling ratio of up to 456 g/g under mild condition. When the lignin concentration was increased from vacancy to 5%, the swelling ratio of the Lignin-PVA hydrogels was increased from 92 g/g to 456 g/g.