Biomimetic nanocarriers loaded with temozolomide by cloaking brain-targeting peptides for targeting drug delivery system to promote anticancer effects in glioblastoma cells.

Glioma is the leading cancer of the central nervous system (CNS). The efficacy of glioma treatment is significantly hindered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumour barrier (BBTB), which prevent most drugs from entering the brain and tumours. Hence, we established a novel drug delivery nanosystem of brain tumour-targeting that could self-assemble the method using an amphiphilic Zein protein isolated from corn.

MicroRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma: Opportunities and challenges.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor and is characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates and unpredictable clinical behavior. The disappointing prognosis for patients with GBM even after surgery and postoperative radiation and chemotherapy has fueled the search for specific targets to provide new insights into the development of modern therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) act as oncomirs and tumor suppressors to posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of various genes and silence many target genes involved in cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, stem cell behavior, angiogenesis, the microenvironment and chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, which makes them attractive candidates as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets or agents to advance GBM therapeutics.

Indicators of suboptimal response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients from China with inflammatory bowel disease: results from the EXPLORE study.

Background: Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in China. The EXPLORE study evaluated the incidence and indicators of suboptimal responses to first-line anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). We present results for the mainland China subgroup.

Management and outcomes of surgical patients with intestinal Behçet's disease and Crohn's disease in southwest China.

Background: Gastrointestinal involvement in Behçet's disease (GIBD) and Crohn's disease (CD) are inflammatory diseases sharing a considerable number of similarities. However, different from CD, the operative and postoperative management of GIBD remains largely empirical because of the lack of comprehensive treatment guidelines.

Aim: To compare surgical patients with GIBD and those with CD in a medical center and identify notable clinical features and effective postoperative treatment for surgical patients with GIBD.

Clinicopathologic features of Good's syndrome: Two cases and literature review.

Background: Good's syndrome (GS) is an immunodeficiency disease, causing thymoma, low or absent B-cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, and defects in cell-mediated immunity. The most common clinical presentation is recurrent infection, followed by refractory diarrhea, due to the immunodeficiency. However, there are only few reports on intestinal endoscopy and pathology.

Chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies is superior to white-light endoscopy for the long-term follow-up detection of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis patients: a multicenter randomized-controlled trial.

Background: Data from single-center experience or small sample-sized studies have shown that chromoendoscopy (CE) might be superior to white-light endoscopy (WLE) for dysplasia surveillance in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. We performed a prospective randomized trial with a long-term follow-up to compare the detection rate of dysplasia among WLE with targeted biopsies (WLT), WLE with random biopsies (WLR), and dye-based CE with targeted biopsies (CET) in UC patients.

Methods: Patients with long-standing UC were enrolled from 11 medical centers from March 2012 to December 2013 and randomized into three arms (WLT, WLR, and CET).

Indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disease with synchronous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A case report.

Rationale: Indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disease (T-LPD) of gastrointestinal tract is a rare recently described disease that seldom progresses. We report a case of T-LPD with synchronous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that cause aggravation of disease.

Patient Concerns: A 46-year-old Chinese male presented with intermittent paraumbilical colic pain, bloating, and occasional diarrhea for 10 years.

Primary Intestinal Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Disease Mimicking Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: Primary intestinal Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]-associated natural killer/T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder [PIEBV+ NK/T-LPD] is a rare clinical entity, which is difficult to differentiate from inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We present a series of Chinese patients with PIEBV+ NK/T-LPD to increase awareness among clinicians of this condition.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with PIEBV+ NK/T-LPD at West China hospital between 2014 and 2016 were included.

Chinese research into severe ulcerative colitis has increased in quantity and complexity.

Aim: To investigate the current state of research output from Chinese studies into severe ulcerative colitis (SUC) using a bibliometric analysis of publications.

Methods: The contents of the Chinese periodical databases WANFANG, VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for all papers regarding UC or SUC published in last the 15 years (from 2001 to 2015). The number of publications in each year was recorded to assess the temporal trends of research output.

Impact of ethnicity, geography, and disease on the microbiota in health and inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: The gut microbiota is central to health and disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Differences in microbiota related to geography and ethnicity may hold the key to recent changes in the incidence of microbiota-related disorders.

Methods: Gut mucosal microbiota was analyzed in 190 samples from 87 Caucasian and Chinese subjects, from Australia and Hong Kong, comprising 22 patients with Crohn's disease, 30 patients with ulcerative colitis, 29 healthy controls, and 6 healthy relatives of patients with Crohn's disease.

Role of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In the general population, selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have been associated with fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects (AEs) than NSAIDs, but whether they are associated with exacerbations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains controversial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review published and unpublished findings to determine whether the use of COX-2 inhibitors increased the risk for IBD exacerbations relative to placebo in the treatment of IBD.

Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE (1966-July 2007), EMBASE (1980-July 2007), the Cochrane Library (2007 Issue 4), US Food and Drug Administration records, and data on file at Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer US Pharmaceutical Group, and Merck & Co.

[Expression and function of interleukin-18 in mouse dextran sulfate sodium colitis].

Objective: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that induces Th1 cytokines production and may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. This study was aimed at detecting the expression and role of IL-18 in colonic mucosa of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitic mice.

Methods: Expression of IL-18 in colon of DSS colitis was determined by immunohistochemistry.

Intestinal fibroblast-derived IL-10 increases survival of mucosal T cells by inhibiting growth factor deprivation- and Fas-mediated apoptosis.

Mucosal T cells are essential to immune tolerance in the intestine, an organ constantly exposed to large amounts of dietary and bacterial Ags. We investigated whether local fibroblasts affect mucosal T cell survival, which is critical for maintenance of immune tolerance. Coculture with autologous fibroblasts significantly increased viability of mucosal T cells by inhibiting IL-2 deprivation- and Fas-mediated apoptosis, an effect that was both contact- and secreted product-dependent.

Significance of glucocorticoid receptor expression in colonic mucosal cells of patients with ulcerative colitis.

Aim: Glucocorticoid (GC) resistant ulcerative colitis (UC) remains a serious disease and is difficult to manage. Although the molecular basis of GC insensitivity is still unknown, GC receptors (GRalpha and GRbeta) may play an important role in it. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of GRalpha and GRbeta in colonic mucosal cells of patients with UC, the efficacy of GC therapy and the intensity of inflammation.

Inflammatory bowel disease: autoimmune or immune-mediated pathogenesis?

The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is still unclear, but both autoimmune and immune-mediated phenomena are involved. Autoimmune phenomena include the presence of serum and mucosal autoantibodies against intestinal epithelial cells in either form of IBD, and against human tropomyosin fraction five selectively in UC. In addition, perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) are common in UC, whereas antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) are frequently found in CD.

[Study on glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta in colonic mucosal cell of patients with ulcerative colitis].

Objective: To investigate the relationship of the expression of GRalpha and GRbeta in the colonic mucosal cell of patients with ulcerative colitis to the efficacy of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and the intensity of inflammation.

Methods: GRalpha expression and GRbeta expression in the colonic mucosal specimens were assessed by means of immunohistochemistry. Then comparative analyses were made on the GRalpha and GRbeta expression between the GC resistant group and GC sensitive group at various levels of inflammation.

[Interleukin 18 expression in colon cancer and adenoma].

Objective: To investigate the expression of interleukin 18 in mucosa of colon cancer and adenoma.

Methods: Expression of interleukin 18 was measured with immunohistochemical staining.

Results: The expression rates of IL-18 in colon cancer, adenoma and relative normal mucosa were 78.