Polymorphic Localized Heterostructure Design for High-Performance Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Composite Film.

Analogous to linear dielectric, amorphous perovskite dielectrics characterized of high breakdown strength and low remanent polarization possess in-depth application in the sea, land, and air fields. Amorphous engineering is a common approach to balance the inverse relationship between polarization and breakdown strength in dielectric ceramic capacitor, however, the low polarization is the major barrier limiting the improvement of energy storage density. To address this concern, the polymorphic localized heterostructure confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and HADDF images is constructed in BaTiO-Bi(NiZr)O amorphous/nanocrystalline composite film with SiO addition (BT-BNZ-xS, x = 3, 5, 7, 10 mol%).

Piezoelectric Response and Cycling Fatigue Resistance of Low-Temperature Sintered PZT-Based Ceramics.

The preparation of low-cost multilayer piezoelectric devices requires using cheap internal electrodes between the dielectric layers. A general strategy is to reduce the sintering temperature of the ceramic layer by sintering aids which can form a liquid phase. Here, 0.

Synergistic Function via Amorphous and Nanoscale Polarization Heterogeneous Regions in (1-x)BaTiO -xBi(Ni Zr )O Thin Film with Ultrahigh Energy Storage Capability and Stability.

Dielectric film capacitors are considered as potential candidates for advanced power electronics technology due to their extremely high-power densities and outstanding mechanical and thermal stability, but the further improvement of energy storage density is still needed. Here, a strategy is proposed to enhance the energy storage properties by introducing nanoscale polarization regions into amorphous films, which can significantly improve the maximum polarization and maintain a high breakdown strength. The (1-x)BaTiO -xBi(Ni Zr )O ((1-x)BT-xBNZ) thin films are fabricated by the sol-gel method and the amorphous films with nanoscale polarization regions are obtained by adjusting the preparation process.

Revealing the source of Jupiter's x-ray auroral flares.

Jupiter's rapidly rotating, strong magnetic field provides a natural laboratory that is key to understanding the dynamics of high-energy plasmas. Spectacular auroral x-ray flares are diagnostic of the most energetic processes governing magnetospheres but seemingly unique to Jupiter. Since their discovery 40 years ago, the processes that produce Jupiter's x-ray flares have remained unknown.

How Jupiter's unusual magnetospheric topology structures its aurora.

Jupiter's bright persistent polar aurora and Earth's dark polar region indicate that the planets' magnetospheric topologies are very different. High-resolution global simulations show that the reconnection rate at the interface between the interplanetary and jovian magnetic fields is too slow to generate a magnetically open, Earth-like polar cap on the time scale of planetary rotation, resulting in only a small crescent-shaped region of magnetic flux interconnected with the interplanetary magnetic field. Most of the jovian polar cap is threaded by helical magnetic flux that closes within the planetary interior, extends into the outer magnetosphere, and piles up near its dawnside flank where fast differential plasma rotation pulls the field lines sunward.

Plasmapause surface wave oscillates the magnetosphere and diffuse aurora.

Energy circulation in geospace lies at the heart of space weather research. In the inner magnetosphere, the steep plasmapause boundary separates the cold dense plasmasphere, which corotates with the planet, from the hot ring current/plasma sheet outside. Theoretical studies suggested that plasmapause surface waves related to the sharp inhomogeneity exist and act as a source of geomagnetic pulsations, but direct evidence of the waves and their role in magnetospheric dynamics have not yet been detected.

Homogeneous/Inhomogeneous-Structured Dielectrics and their Energy-Storage Performances.

The demand for dielectric capacitors with higher energy-storage capability is increasing for power electronic devices due to the rapid development of electronic industry. Existing dielectrics for high-energy-storage capacitors and potential new capacitor technologies are reviewed toward realizing these goals. Various dielectric materials with desirable permittivity and dielectric breakdown strength potentially meeting the device requirements are discussed.

Using ultra-low frequency waves and their characteristics to diagnose key physics of substorm onset.

Substorm onset is marked in the ionosphere by the sudden brightening of an existing auroral arc or the creation of a new auroral arc. Also present is the formation of auroral beads, proposed to play a key role in the detonation of the substorm, as well as the development of the large-scale substorm current wedge (SCW), invoked to carry the current diversion. Both these phenomena, auroral beads and the SCW, have been intimately related to ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves of specific frequencies as observed by ground-based magnetometers.

Auroral streamer and its role in driving wave-like pre-onset aurora.

The time scales of reconnection outflow, substorm expansion, and development of instabilities in the terrestrial magnetosphere are comparable, i.e., from several to tens of minutes, and their existence is related.

High-Temperature Dielectrics in BNT-BT-Based Solid Solution.

BiNaTiO-BaTiO (BNT-BT)-based ternary solid solutions were investigated for high-temperature capacitor applications. Through a comprehensive investigation of the (1 - x )(0.92BiNaTiO-0.

The effect of grain boundary on the energy storage properties of (Ba0.4Sr0.6M)TiO3 paraelectric ceramics by varying grain sizes.

(Ba0.4Sr0.6)TiO3 (BST) ceramics with various grain sizes (0.