Genetic diversity and population structure of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Henan Province of China based on SNP markers.

Background: Henan is the province with the greatest wheat production in China. Although more than 100 cultivars are used for production, many cultivars are still insufficient in quality, disease resistance, adaptability and yield potential. To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to constantly breed new cultivars to maintain the continuous and stable growth of wheat yield and quality.

Genetic mapping and analysis of candidate leaf color genes in common winter wheat ( L.).

Unlabelled: Leaf color-related genes play key roles in chloroplast development and photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis and affect photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield in crops. In this study, a recessive homozygous individual displaying yellow leaf color (yl1) was identified in the progeny population derived from a cross between wheat cultivars Xingmai1 (XM1) and Yunong3114 (YN3114). Phenotypic identification showed that yl1 exhibited the yellow character state over the entire growth period.

HSP90.2 promotes CO assimilation rate, grain weight and yield in wheat.

Wheat fixes CO by photosynthesis into kernels to nourish humankind. Improving the photosynthesis rate is a major driving force in assimilating atmospheric CO and guaranteeing food supply for human beings. Strategies for achieving the above goal need to be improved.

A HST1-like gene controls tiller angle through regulating endogenous auxin in common wheat.

Tiller angle is one of the most important agronomic traits and one key factor for wheat ideal plant architecture, which can both increase photosynthetic efficiency and greatly enhance grain yield. Here, a deacetylase HST1-like (TaHST1L) gene controlling wheat tiller angle was identified by the combination of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized tetraploid wheat lines with the premature stop codon of TaHST1L exhibited significantly smaller tiller angles than the wild type.

Global Profiling of 2-hydroxyisobutyrylome in Common Wheat.

As a novel post-translational modification (PTM), lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is considered to regulate gene transcriptional activities in eukaryotic cells; however, the functions of Khib-modified proteins in plants remain unknown. Here, we report that Khib is an evolutionarily-conserved PTM in wheat and its progenitors. A total of 3348 Khib sites on 1074 proteins are identified in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Identification of Genetic Loci of Black Point in Chinese Common Wheat by Genome-Wide Association Study and Linkage Mapping.

Black point is a common disease in wheat all over the world. The disease could downgrade wheat quality and cause human health problems. In this study, 406 wheat cultivars were used to investigate black point resistance.

Development of a Rapid Approach for Detecting Sharp Eyespot Resistance in Seedling-Stage Wheat and Its Application in Chinese Wheat Cultivars.

Sharp eyespot, caused by , has become one of the most severe diseases affecting global wheat production in recent decades. Quick and efficient screening methods are required to accelerate the development of cultivars for sharp eyespot resistance in wheat breeding. Here, a two-step colonized wheat kernels (TSCWK) method for the inoculation and classification of sharp eyespot resistance in seedlings was established in a greenhouse.

The Wheat 660K SNP array demonstrates great potential for marker-assisted selection in polyploid wheat.

The rapid development and application of molecular marker assays have facilitated genomic selection and genome-wide linkage and association studies in wheat breeding. Although PCR-based markers (e.g.

Genome-wide association study revealed that the TaGW8 gene was associated with kernel size in Chinese bread wheat.

Using Wheat 90 K SNP assay, kernel-related traits of Chinese bread wheat were used to perform association mapping in 14 environments by GWAS. Results indicated that 996 and 953 of 4417 and 3172 significant SNPs for kernel length and thousand-kernel weight were located on the chromosome 7B. Haplotype analysis of these SNPs on 7B generated the block containing the predicted TaGW8-B1 gene.

De novo assembly and comparative analysis of the transcriptome of embryogenic callus formation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Background: During asexual reproduction the embryogenic callus can differentiate into a new plantlet, offering great potential for fostering in vitro culture efficiency in plants. The immature embryos (IMEs) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are more easily able to generate embryogenic callus than mature embryos (MEs).

Genome-wide association study for 13 agronomic traits reveals distribution of superior alleles in bread wheat from the Yellow and Huai Valley of China.

Bread wheat is a leading cereal crop worldwide. Limited amount of superior allele loci restricted the progress of molecular improvement in wheat breeding. Here, we revealed new allelic variation distribution for 13 yield-related traits in series of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using the wheat 90K genotyping assay, characterized in 163 bread wheat cultivars.

Identification and Comparative Analysis of microRNA in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Callus Derived from Mature and Immature Embryos during In vitro Culture.

Feasible and efficient tissue culture plays an important role in plant genetic engineering. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) immature embryos (IMEs) are preferred for tissue culture to mature embryos (MEs) because IMEs easily generate embryogenic callus, producing large number of plants.

High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Single Nucleotide Variants in Longer-Kernel Bread Wheat.

The transcriptomes of bread wheat Yunong 201 and its ethyl methanesulfonate derivative Yunong 3114 were obtained by next-sequencing technology. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the wheat strains were explored and compared. A total of 5907 and 6287 non-synonymous SNVs were acquired for Yunong 201 and 3114, respectively.

Combined Small RNA and Degradome Sequencing Reveals Novel MiRNAs and Their Targets in the High-Yield Mutant Wheat Strain Yunong 3114.

Wheat is one of the main food sources worldwide; large amount studies have been conducted to improve wheat production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) with about 20-30 nucleotide are a class of regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs), which could regulate gene expression through sequence-specific base pairing with target mRNAs, playing important roles in plant growth. An ideal plant architecture (IPA) is crucial to enhance yield in bread wheat.

Transcriptome analysis of the Chinese bread wheat cultivar Yunong 201 and its ethyl methanesulfonate mutant line.

Roche 454 next-generation sequencing was applied to obtain extensive information about the transcriptomes of the bread wheat cultivar Yunong 201 and its EMS mutant line Yunong 3114. Totals of 1.43 million and 1.

Alveograph and Mixolab parameters associated with Puroindoline-D1 genes in Chinese winter wheats.

Background: Grain texture is one of the most important characteristics of bread wheat and has a significant influence on end-use qualities.

Results: Forty-three Chinese cultivars were tested under three environments and used to characterise kernel hardness, Puroindoline-D1 alleles and Alveograph and Mixolab parameters. The results indicated that SKCS hardness was positively correlated with Alveograph tenacity and P/L and Mixolab protein weakening (C2) and water absorption and negatively correlated with Mixolab starch gelatinisation (C3), amylasic activity (C4) and starch gelling (C5).