Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enhance Exosome Production by Upregulating Exosome Transport and Secretion Pathways.

Exosomes are cell-released nanovesicles that regulate intercellular communication by transporting a variety of bioactive molecules. They play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes, such as the immune response, tissue regeneration, aging, and tumor progression. There has been growing interest in controlling exosome production, which could offer valuable tools for unraveling complex cell communication networks and enabling novel therapeutic applications.

Iron oxide nanozymes enhanced by ascorbic acid for macrophage-based cancer therapy.

In recent years, using pharmacological ascorbic acid has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment, owing to its capacity to induce extracellular hydrogen peroxide (HO) production in solid tumors. The HO is then converted into cytotoxic hydroxyl free radicals (HO˙) by redox-active Fe inside cells. However, the high dosage of ascorbic acid required for efficacy is hampered by adverse effects such as kidney stone formation.

Enhancing ROS-Inducing Nanozyme through Intraparticle Electron Transport.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have garnered significant attention as a promising platform for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent disease treatment, owing to their remarkable biocompatibility and Fenton catalytic activity. However, the low catalytic activity of IONPs is a major hurdle in their clinical translation. To overcome this challenge, IONPs of different compositions are examined for their Fenton reaction under pharmacologically relevant conditions.

Magnetic nanocomplexes coupled with an external magnetic field modulate macrophage phenotype - a non-invasive strategy for bone regeneration.

Chronic inflammation is a major cause for the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases such as fragility fracture, and nonunion. Studies have shown that modulating the immune phenotype of macrophages from proinflammatory to prohealing mode can heal recalcitrant bone defects. Current therapeutic strategies predominantly apply biochemical cues, which often lack target specificity and controlling their release kinetics is challenging spatially and temporally.

Preparation of bioactive β-tricalcium phosphate microspheres as bone graft substitute materials.

In this study, β-tricalcium phosphate (CaPO, β-TCP) microspheres with different diameters were fabricated via a solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion method. After soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF), the fabricated β-TCP microspheres were fully covered with a new bone-like apatite layer; subsequent analysis suggested that the microspheres have excellent bioactivity properties, specifically in inducing apatite deposition. The calcium release profiles of the microspheres were tested in pH7.