Dissipation and Risk Assessment of Propaquizafop in Ginseng under Field Conditions.

Propaquizafop is a highly efficient aryloxy phenoxy propionate chiral herbicide. However, the use of propaquizafop, including its safe use methods, residue patterns, dietary risk assessment, and maximum residue limits, for ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has not been studied. An analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of propaquizafop and its four metabolites in ginseng soil, fresh ginseng, ginseng plant, and dried ginseng using HPLC-MS/MS.

Dissipation behaviours, residues, and health risk of six herbicides in sugar beets under field conditions.

This study established a residue detection method based on the QuEChERS pre-treatment method and combined it with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to test six herbicides (metamitron, clopyralid, desmedipham, phenmedipham, ethofumesate, and haloxyfop-p-methyl) in sugar beet plants, soil, and roots. The degradation dynamics and terminal residues of each herbicide in sugar beets were analysed. Finally, the dietary risks of various herbicides in sugar beets were evaluated based on the dietary structure of Chinese people, and the risk quotient values were below 100%.

Adsorption, mobility, and degradation of the pesticide propaquizafop in five agricultural soils in China.

Propaquizafop is a fatty acid synthetic herbicide used to control annual and perennial grasses. To understand the potential environmental risks of propaquizafop to crops and food safety, the adsorption, mobility, and degradation of propaquizafop in five different soils were studied. At an initial concentration of 5 mg L propaquizafop, its adsorption equilibrium was reached within 24 h, and the adsorption rates were between 46.

Dissipation and Dietary Risk Assessment of Pydiflumetofen Residues in Soybean.

In this study, the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry, was chosen for detecting pydiflumetofen residues in soybean plants, soybeans and soil, and assessing the risk of short- and long-term dietary intake. Pydiflumetofen concentrations ranging from 0.001−0.

Adsorption of flupyradifurone onto soils: kinetics, isotherms, and influencing factors.

The study of the adsorption properties of pesticides in soil is essential to assessing the risk of their pollution of nearby aquatic environments. To reveal the adsorption mechanisms of flupyradifurone (FPO) on soil, batch experiments in five different soils were carried out in this study. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of FPO in five soils were well fitted by using several models ( = 0.

Degradation and residues of mandipropamid in soil and ginseng and dietary risk assessment in Chinese culture.

Mandipropamid, a new fungicide for oomycete disease, has a strong effect on the blight of many crops and has been registered for the treatment of ginseng blight in China. However, no maximum residue limit (MRL) of mandipropamid has been identified for ginseng, and there have been few related studies. We established and verified the analysis method of mandipropamid in ginseng using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Dissipation, Processing Factors and Dietary Risk Assessment for Flupyradifurone Residues in Ginseng.

The massive use of pesticides has brought great risks to food and environmental safety. It is necessary to develop reliable analytical methods and evaluate risks through monitoring studies. Here, a method was used for the simultaneous determination of flupyradifurone (FPF) and its two metabolites in fresh ginseng, dried ginseng, ginseng plants, and soil.

Hydrolysis and photolysis of flupyradifurone in aqueous solution and natural water: Degradation kinetics and pathway.

Flupyradifurone (FPO) easily spreads to the water environment after application because of its high solubility in water (3200 mg/L, 20 °C), but as a novel neonicotinoid pesticide, its environmental fate study is still lacking. Here, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the degradation kinetics and pathways of FPO in aqueous solutions and natural waters. The results showed that FPO was fairly stable in water under natural conditions (the hydrolysis half-lives at 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C were >150 d, and the photolysis half-lives under sunlight were >168 h).

A Novel Analysis Method for Simultaneous Determination of 31 Pesticides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Ginseng.

Ginseng is a perennial herb with a long growth cycle and is known to easily accumulate pesticides during its growth process, seriously threatening people's health. Therefore, to ensure safe consumption, it is necessary to detect and monitor pesticide residues in ginseng. In this study, a novel analysis method was established for simultaneous determination of 31 pesticides in ginseng by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Dissipation and residue analysis of novel nematicide trifluorocide in ginseng and soil using modified QuEChERS method coupled with HPLC-MS/MS.

In the present study, an analytical method that combined a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was developed to determine trifluorocide in fresh and dried ginseng roots, plants (stems and leaves), and soil. At three spiked levels (0.01, 0.

Rapid Determination of 21 Chinese Domestically Registered Pesticides in Ginseng Using Cleanup Based on Zirconium-Oxide-Modified Silica and Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

In this study, an analytical method was developed for the rapid determination of 21 pesticides used in ginseng cultivation. All pesticides covered by this method have been registered by 2020 in China for use on ginseng. The extracts were cleaned up using zirconium-oxide-modified silica (Z-Sep) and primary secondary amine (PSA).

Determination of the Novel Insecticide Flupyradifurone and Its Two Metabolites in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines Using Modified QuEChERS and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the novel insecticide flupyradifurone and its two metabolites in a variety of traditional Chinese herbal medicines was developed for the first time using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A simple and efficient method using dispersive solid-phase extraction was employed for the pretreatment of the samples. Several extractions and cleanup strategies were evaluated.

Residue Behavior and Risk Assessment of Rimsulfuron and Quizalofop-P-ethyl in Potato Under Field Conditions.

A method for simultaneous quantitation of rimsulfuron, quizalofop-P-ethyl and quizalofop-P in potato plant, soil and potato tuber samples was established. The mean recoveries of rimsulfuron, quizalofop-P-ethyl and quizalofop-P in different matrices spiked with them were 81.4%-101.

Dissipation and residues of dimethyl disulfide in tomatoes and soil under greenhouse and open field conditions.

Tomatoes have been widely planted in greenhouses and fields in China. Soil-borne diseases are more harmful to tomatoes than other types of diseases. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) was used as a novel fumigant instead of methyl bromide to control soil-borne diseases.

Residue analysis of fungicides fenpicoxamid, isofetamid, and mandestrobin in cereals using zirconium oxide disposable pipette extraction clean-up and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

In the present study, a fast multiresidue method determining three novel fungicides fenpicoxamid, isofetamid, and mandestrobin in cereals was developed and validated for the first time using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Samples were extracted by QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology, and cleaned up using the disposable pipette extraction (DPX) tips containing primary secondary amine (PSA) and silica gel modified with zirconium oxide (Z-Sep) in less than 1 min. Linearity (r > 0.

Synergistic effect of Klebsiella sp. FH-1 and Arthrobacter sp. NJ-1 on the growth of the microbiota in the black soil of Northeast China.

The application of Atrazine in soil has always been a main problem in agriculture because its residuals may maintain in the soil for a long term. In this paper, two strains of Atrazine degrading bacteria (Klebsiella sp. FH-1 and Arthrobacter sp.

Nanometer Titanium Dioxide Mediated High Efficiency Photodegradation of Fluazifop-p-Butyl.

The widespread use of fluazifop-p-butyl (FPB) contributes to its presence in the environment. Considering the ecological risks of FPB residues in the environment, the anatase nanometer titanium dioxide (nano-TiO) mediated photocatalytic degradation of FPB was studied by smearing FPB and nano-TiO together on a glass plane; illumination, trimethylsilane derivatization of photolysis products, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantitative analysis and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) identification were used. Results showed that the first order dynamic model could describe the photodegradation of FPB by nano-TiO mediated, and the photodegradation and photosensitization rates were found to be positively correlated with the dose of nano-TiO at lower dose ranges.

Simultaneous Determination of Five Diamide Insecticides in Food Matrices Using Carbon Nanotube Multiplug Filtration Cleanup and Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

In this study, an analytical method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of five diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide, cyclaniliprole, and tetrachlorantraniliprole) in food matrices. Determination of the latter two diamide compounds is first reported. Samples were cleaned up by multiplug filters containing carbon nanotubes (CNT) or hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced copolymers (HLB) and classic dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) procedures, respectively.

Biodegradation of Atrazine by the Novel Strain FH-1.

Bacterial strain FH-1 with high efficiency of degrading Atrazine is separated by means of enrichment culture from the soil applied with Atrazine for many years. FH-1, recognized as based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, can grow with Atrazine which is the sole nitrogen source. In fluid inorganic salt medium, the optimal degradation temperature, pH value, and initial concentration of Atrazine are 25°C, 9.

Effect of azoxystrobin fungicide on the physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng leaves.

Background: The impact of fungicide azoxystrobin, applied as foliar spray, on the physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng was studied in ginseng ( Mey. cv. "Ermaya") under natural environmental conditions.

Dissipation and residues of the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole in ginseng ecosystems under different cultivation environments.

Ginseng is a valuable herb, the roots of which have been consumed for medicinal use since ancient times in Asian countries. Currently, its cultivation in China is conducted in either forests or non-forest areas. In this study, we investigated the dissipation and residues of the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole (CAP) in ginseng ecosystems in these two cultivation environments.

Two new fatty acids esters were detected in ginseng stems by the application of azoxystrobin and the increasing of antioxidant enzyme activity and ginsenosides content.

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a valuable herb in China that has also gained popularity in the West because of its pharmacological properties.

Dissipation rates and residues of fungicide azoxystrobin in ginseng and soil at two different cultivated regions in China.

The maximum residue limit (MRL) for fungicide azoxystrobin in ginseng has not yet been established in China. This is partially due to the lack of its dissipation and residue data at China's main ginseng production areas. In this work, the dissipation rates and residue levels of azoxystrobin in ginseng roots, plant parts (stems and leaves), and soil in Beijing and Jilin Province, China were determined using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Photodegradation of new herbicide HW-02 in organic solvents.

HW-02 is a new organophosphates herbicide which is discovered and developed in China. The kinetics and mechanism of HW-02 photodegradation in the organic solvents were studied at 25 degrees C under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The results showed that photochemical reaction of HW-02 in organic solvents such as n-hexane, methanol, dimethyl benzene and acetone under UV light could be well described by the first kinetic equation, and the photodegradation efficiency decreased with a order of n-hexane > methanol > xylene > acetone.