Fasting as an Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Practice.

The fundamental biological characteristics of tumor cells are characterized by irregularities in signaling and metabolic pathways, which are evident through increased glucose uptake, altered mitochondrial function, and the ability to evade growth signals. Interventions such as fasting or fasting-mimicking diets represent a promising strategy that can elicit distinct responses in normal cells compared to tumor cells. These dietary strategies can alter the circulating levels of various hormones and metabolites, including blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, glucocorticoids, and epinephrine, thereby potentially exerting an anticancer effect.

Using additive manufacturing for craniocervical reconstruction in traditionally challenging cases.

Retrospective case series. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of using 3D printed implants in upper cervical spine and occipitocervical junction surgery. C2 primary tumor patients who required axial en bloc resection and other patients who required partial bone decompression using customized 3D printed implants or fixation devices for surgery were included.

Favorable neurological recovery for MESCC-induced paralysis with median 9-day duration before surgery.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the neurological outcomes of Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) patients who underwent decompressive surgery after experiencing over 48 h of paralysis.

Methods: This retrospective study hypothesizes that, unlike in cases of trauma and degenerative disorders where delayed decompression surgery often leads to poor outcomes, delayed decompression surgery for MESCC-induced paralysis yields relatively favorable results. This study included MESCC patients who had been paralyzed for more than 48 h and underwent decompressive surgery between January 2012 and December 2020.

Safety and risk analysis of total resection surgery for thoracic and lumbar spinal tumors: a decadal analysis of 103 cases.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To explore the complications and risk factors for total resection (TR) of primary thoracic and lumbar spinal tumors over the past decade at our institution.

Methods: Patients meeting inclusion criteria (primary spinal tumors, thoracic or lumbar location, TR at our center) were included.

Biomimetic Porous Ti6Al4V Implants: A Novel Interbody Fusion Cage via Gel-Casting Technique to Promote Spine Fusion.

An interbody fusion cage (Cage) is crucial in spinal decompression and fusion procedures for restoring normal vertebral curvature and rebuilding spinal stability. Currently, these Cages suffer from issues related to mismatched elastic modulus and insufficient bone integration capability. Therefore, a gel-casting technique is utilized to fabricate a biomimetic porous titanium alloy material from Ti6Al4V powder.

Effects of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from oral and gastrointestinal pathogens on systemic diseases.

Oral microbiota and gastrointestinal microbiota, the two largest microbiomes in the human body, are closely correlated and frequently interact through the oral-gut axis. Recent research has focused on the roles of these microbiomes in human health and diseases. Under normal conditions, probiotics and commensal bacteria can positively impact health.

Perioperative complications of en bloc resection and anterior column reconstruction for thoracic and lumbar spinal tumors.

Purpose: To evaluate the perioperative clinical outcomes of en bloc resection and anterior column reconstruction for thoracolumbar spinal tumors.

Methods: This study conducted a retrospective analysis of prospective data collection of 86 consecutive patients, including 40 males and 46 females, with an average age of 39 years (ranged from 10 to 71 years). There were 35 cases of a malignant primary tumor,42 cases of an aggressive benign tumor, and nine cases of metastases.

Coatless modification of 3D-printed Ti6Al4V implants through tailored Cu ion implantation combined with UV photofunctionalization to enhance cell attachment, osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

The three-dimensional-printed Ti6Al4V implant (3DTi) has been widely accepted for the reconstruction of massive bone defects in orthopedics owing to several advantages, such as its tailored shape design, avoiding bone graft and superior bone-implant interlock. However, the osteoinduction activity of 3DTi is inadequate when applied clinically even though it exhibits osteoconduction. This study developes a comprehensive coatless strategy for the surface improvement of 3DTi through copper (Cu) ion implantation and ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization to enhance osteoinductivity.

Complications and local recurrence of chondrosarcoma and chordoma treated by total tumor resection in thoracic and lumbar spine.

Background: En bloc resection of spinal tumors is challenging and associated with a high incidence of complications; however, it offers the potential to reduce the risk of recurrence when a wide margin is achieved. This research aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of en bloc resection in treating thoracic and lumbar chondrosarcoma/chordoma.

Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with chondrosarcoma and chordoma in the thoracic or lumbar region, who underwent total en bloc or piecemeal resection at our institution over a 7-year period, were collected and regularly followed up.

Effects of exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma on osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can cause osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). However, the effect of exosomes derived from PRP (PRP-Exos) on osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated the impact of PRP-Exos on osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs.

Age-related bone diseases: Role of inflammaging.

Bone aging is characterized by an imbalance in the physiological and pathological processes of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis, resulting in exacerbated bone loss and the development of age-related bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Inflammaging, a novel concept in the field of aging research, pertains to the persistent and gradual escalation of pro-inflammatory reactions during the aging process. This phenomenon is distinguished by its low intensity, systemic nature, absence of symptoms, and potential for management.

[Clinical outcomes of 3D-printing stand-alone artificial vertebral body in anterior cervical surgeries].

Objective: To explore the short-term outcomes of 3D-printing stand-alone artificial vertebral body (AVB) in the surgical procedure of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF).

Methods: Following the proposal of IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment, and long-term follow-up) framework, we designed and conducted this single-armed, retrospective cohort study. The patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were recruited, and these patients exclusively received the surgical procedure of single-level ACCF in our single center.

Erratum: Simvastatin/hydrogel-loaded 3D-printed titanium alloy scaffolds suppress osteosarcoma via TF/NOX2-associated ferroptosis while repairing bone defects.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.

The influence and therapeutic effect of microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple organs that poses a serious risk to the health and life of patients. A growing number of studies have shown that commensals from different parts of the body and exogenous pathogens are involved in SLE progression, causing barrier disruption and immune dysregulation through multiple mechanisms. However, they sometimes alleviate the symptoms of SLE.

Proteomics Analysis of Knee Subchondral Bone Identifies Differentially Expressed Proteins Associated with Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent debilitating whole-joint disorder. Currently, a growing number of proteomic studies have been performed to evaluate molecular biomarkers in several tissues from OA patients; however, little is known about the protein profiles in subchondral bone of OA. In this study, proteomic analysis was performed on subchondral bone from patients with OA to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs).

Border fences reduce potential for transboundary migration of Marco Polo Sheep (Ovis ammon polii) in the Pamir Plateau.

Border fences have severely impeded the transboundary migration of a number of large mammals worldwide, with central Asia being one of the most impacted. The Marco Polo sheep (Ovis ammon polii), an iconic species of Pamir, is threatened in its transboundary movement by increasing border fencing among their five distributed countries, including Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. In this study, by building ensemble species distribution models, we found that eastern Tajikistan had the largest suitable Macro Polo sheep habitat (about 42 % of the total suitable habitat), followed by China (about 32 %).

Factors that impact the patellofemoral contact stress in the TKA: a review.

Abnormal retro patellar stress is believed to contribute to patellofemoral complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but the causal link between TKA and patellofemoral contact stress remains unclear. By reviewing the relevant studies, we found that both TKA implantation and additional patellar resurfacing increase retro patellar pressure. The rotation and size of the femoral component, thickness and position of the patellar component, installation of the tibial component, prosthesis design and soft tissue balance further influence patellofemoral stress.