Socioeconomic determinants of out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditure among middle-aged and elderly adults based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey.

Objective: Out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditure (OOPPE) is a considerable burden for middle-aged and elderly adults due to their high prevalence of diseases, insufficient income and absence of medical insurance in China. The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of OOPPE among Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey conducted in 2015.

Heterogeneity of targeted lung lesion predicts platinum-based first-line therapy outcomes and overall survival for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients with lung metastasis: a "PET biopsy" method.

Platinum-based chemotherapy is widely used as first-line therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Intratumor heterogeneity derived from fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a potential predictor of treatment outcomes and the prognosis of breast cancer. However, the presence of multiple lesions and complex calculation methods leads to difficulties in the clinical use of this parameter for metastatic breast cancer.

TaCER1-1A is involved in cuticular wax alkane biosynthesis in hexaploid wheat and responds to plant abiotic stresses.

To protect above-ground plant organs from excessive water loss, their surfaces are coated by waxes. The genes involved in wax formation have been investigated in detail in Arabidopsis but scarcely in crop species. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize a CER1 enzyme responsible for formation of the very long-chain alkanes present in high concentrations especially during late stages of wheat development.

Frequent intra- and inter-species introgression shapes the landscape of genetic variation in bread wheat.

Background: Bread wheat is one of the most important and broadly studied crops. However, due to the complexity of its genome and incomplete genome collection of wild populations, the bread wheat genome landscape and domestication history remain elusive.

Results: By investigating the whole-genome resequencing data of 93 accessions from worldwide populations of bread wheat and its diploid and tetraploid progenitors, together with 90 published exome-capture data, we find that the B subgenome has more variations than A and D subgenomes, including SNPs and deletions.

Bioactivity-explorer: a web application for interactive visualization and exploration of bioactivity data.

To better leverage the accumulated bioactivity data in the ChEMBL database, we have developed Bioactivity-explorer, a web application for interactive visualization and exploration of the large-scale bioactivity data in ChEMBL. Mining and integration of the Therapeutic Target Database disease-target mapping into the ChEMBL database has enabled Bioactivity-explorer to include 493,430 scaffolds, 31,400,000 matched molecular pairs, 1330,220 target-target interactions in terms of shared active compounds, 4526,718 target-target interactions in terms of shared active scaffolds, 97,041,700 molecule-molecule interactions and 14,974 disease-target mappings. This web tool is available at http://cadd.

The Effect of Intravenous Infusions of Glutamine on Duodenal Cell Autophagy and Apoptosis in Early-Weaned Calves.

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of intravenous infusions of L-glutamine (Gln) on the autophagy and apoptosis of duodenum cells in early-weaned calves. Holstein male calves were weaned at day 35 (20 male calves, birth weight 43 ± 1.8 kg; 35 ± 3 d of age) and randomly allocated to four treatments (5 calves/treatment).

Physicochemical properties of starch in relation to rheological properties of wheat dough (Triticum aestivum L.).

Wheat dough has been considered as a complex blend where gluten forms the continuous reticular skeleton and starch granules act as filling particles. The effect of starch on dough behaviors is not clear and the mechanism of starch affecting dough properties needs to be revealed. In this study, the micro-structure and physiochemical properties of starch from six wheat varieties (lines) with different dough properties were investigated, and the rheological properties of wheat dough were determined.

Activation of fulvic acid-like in paper mill effluents using HO/TiO catalytic oxidation: Characterization and salt stress bioassays.

Increasing environmental concerns about organic waste in paper mill effluents demand alternative wastewater management technology. We reported novel activation of fulvic acid-like in paper mill effluents using hydrogen peroxide (HO) as oxidizer and titanium oxide (TiO) as catalyst. Spectroscopic characteristics of fulvic acid-like in paper mill effluents before and after activation (PFA and PFA-Os, respectively) were compared with a benchmark fulvic acid extracted from leonardite (LFA).

Fulvestrant in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer: A review.

Nearly 75% of breast cancers are hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-negative (HER2-), making endocrine therapy the mainstay of treatment for HR+ and HER2- combination. Although endocrine therapy, such as therapy with fulvestrant, is widely used in the clinic, endocrine resistance (primary or secondary) is inevitable and poses a serious clinical concern. However, the therapeutic landscape of HR+/HER2- breast cancer is rapidly changing and evolving.

[Breeding and variety characteristics of a new variety of Fritillaria thunbergii "Zhebei 3"].

A new variety "Zhebei 3(Zhejiao Pharmaceutical 2018002)" was selected and bred from multi seeded Fritillaria thunbergii mutants by systematic breeding method. From 2012 to 2016, the traits assessment, disease resistance appraisal, plot ratios and regional trials of the variety were continuously carried out. The results showed that "Zhebei 3" emerged early and had late seedlings.

Non-Destructive Determination of Alkylresorcinol (ARs) Content on Wheat Seed Surfaces and Prediction of ARs Content in Whole-Grain Flour.

Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are beneficial for human health and can be used as biomarkers for whole-grain cereal intake. In previous studies, ARs content in whole-grain flour was determined by milling the seeds into powder, thus destroying their structure. In this paper, we adopted a non-destructive extraction approach.

Effects of glycerol concentrations on the bioproduction of PGHX by HX1126.

PGHX is a polymer of β (1-3)-galactose which posses the gel-forming property. As previously reported in the flask culture experiment, the crude PGHX (24.9 g/L, 48.

Magnetic-Sensitive Nanoparticle Self-Assembled Superhydrophobic Biopolymer-Coated Slow-Release Fertilizer: Fabrication, Enhanced Performance, and Mechanism.

Although commercialized slow-release fertilizers coated with petrochemical polymers have revolutionarily promoted agricultural production, more research should be devoted to developing superhydrophobic biopolymer coatings with superb slow-release ability from sustainable and ecofriendly biomaterials. To inform the development of the superhydrophobic biopolymer-coated slow-release fertilizers (SBSF), the slow-release mechanism of SBSF needs to be clarified. Here, the SBSF with superior slow-release performance, water tolerance, and good feasibility for large-scale production was self-assembly fabricated using a simple, solvent-free process.

Reconstruction of Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery Free Flap for Multiple Recurrent Ameloblastoma in Mandible.

Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. These tumors are benign in nature but have a high rate of recurrence and possible malignant development when treated inadequately. However, recurrent ameloblastomas in bone grafts are rare.

Did expansion of health insurance coverage reduce horizontal inequity in healthcare finance? A decomposition analysis for China.

Objectives: 'Horizontal inequity' in healthcare finance occurs when people with equal income contribute unequally to healthcare payments. Prior research is lacking on horizontal inequity in China. Accordingly, this study set out to examine horizontal inequity in the Chinese healthcare financing system in 2002 and 2007 through two rounds of national household health surveys.

Green synthesis of a AgCl@AgI nanocomposite using extract and its application as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst.

A AgCl@AgI composite photocatalyst was greenly synthesized using extract as the source of halogen anions, and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS techniques. The photocatalytic activity and photochemical stability of the AgCl@AgI were investigated by the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) azo dye under visible light illumination ( > 420 nm). The AgCl@AgI composite showed good photochemical stability and much higher photocatalytic activity than that of single AgCl and AgI.

The influence of night warming treatment on the micro-structure of gluten in two wheat cultivars.

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the important cereals for human life. As people pursue higher quality of life, the requirements of improving the quality of wheat flour also increase accordingly.

Socioeconomic Factors and Inequality in the Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults in China.

Background: In China, the prevalence of diabetes has increased significantly over recent decades, owing to the county's rapidly aging population. Although many studies have examined the prevalence of diabetes worldwide, there has been little analysis of the inequalities in its prevalence and treatment among middle-aged and elderly people.

Objectives: This study evaluates influence factors and inequality in respect to the prevalence of diabetes and medication treatment among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Population Ning7840 × Clark.

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and causes significant yield losses worldwide. To determine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for leaf rust resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross of Ning7840 × Clark was evaluated for leaf rust severity, and was genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using 9K Illumina chips, and with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.

Effects of forage source and particle size on chewing activity, ruminal pH, and saliva secretion in lactating Holstein cows.

The present study investigated the effects of dietary forage source (quality) and particle size on chewing activity, saliva secretion, and ruminal pH. Twelve multiparous lactating Holstein cows, four of which were ruminally cannulated, were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Cows fed wild-rye hay diets had longer daily eating times than cows fed oaten hay diets.

Determination of microbiological characteristics in the digestive tract of different ruminant species.

Holstein dairy cows, Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle, Chinese Laoshan dairy goats, and Chinese Bohai Black cattle were selected for the study. The 16S rDNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the microflora in the digestive tract. The rumen flora in high milk-yield Holstein dairy cows showed significantly higher proportions of Treponema, Butyrivibrio, Coprococcus, Shuttleworthia, Lachnospira, and Selenomonas, compared with the rumen flora in Chinese Bohai Black cattle and Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle (p < 0.

Spatially resolved metabolomics to discover tumor-associated metabolic alterations.

Characterization of tumor metabolism with spatial information contributes to our understanding of complex cancer metabolic reprogramming, facilitating the discovery of potential metabolic vulnerabilities that might be targeted for tumor therapy. However, given the metabolic variability and flexibility of tumors, it is still challenging to characterize global metabolic alterations in heterogeneous cancer. Here, we propose a spatially resolved metabolomics approach to discover tumor-associated metabolites and metabolic enzymes directly in their native state.

YaTCM: Yet another Traditional Chinese Medicine Database for Drug Discovery.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history of widespread clinical applications, especially in East Asia, and is becoming frequently used in Western countries. However, owing to extreme complicacy in both chemical ingredients and mechanism of action, a deep understanding of TCM is still difficult. To accelerate the modernization and popularization of TCM, a single comprehensive database is required, containing a wealth of TCM-related information and equipped with complete analytical tools.

Bearing Remaining Useful Life Prediction Based on Naive Bayes and Weibull Distributions.

Bearing plays an important role in mechanical equipment, and its remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is an important research topic of mechanical equipment. To accurately predict the RUL of bearing, this paper proposes a data-driven RUL prediction method. First, the statistical method is used to extract the features of the signal, and the root mean square (RMS) is regarded as the main performance degradation index.

[Clinical treatment and prognosis of 52 cases of neurinoma in parotid region].

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as prognosis of neurinoma in parotid region, in order to provide references for clinical treatment.

Methods: Fifty-two cases of neurinoma in parotid region treated between June 2000 to December 2013 were retrospectively investigated, including their clinical characteristics, imaging examination, diagnosis, therapies and prognosis. SPSS13.