Suppression of epileptic seizures by transcranial activation of K-selective channelrhodopsin.

Optogenetics is a valuable tool for studying the mechanisms of neurological diseases and is now being developed for therapeutic applications. In rodents and macaques, improved channelrhodopsins have been applied to achieve transcranial optogenetic stimulation. While transcranial photoexcitation of neurons has been achieved, noninvasive optogenetic inhibition for treating hyperexcitability-induced neurological disorders has remained elusive.

AIRE mutation in an elderly Caroli's patient with cholangitis and sepsis: a case report.

Background: Caroli's disease, an autosomal recessive, hereditary-related disorder, is a rare disease, in which the diagnosis is based primarily on medical imaging and pathophysiological examinations. It is characterized by intrahepatic cystic dilation or cysts. Hepatic resection of diseased lobes can cure or avoid the risk of malignancy.

The role of m6A methylation genes in predicting poor prognosis in sepsis: identifying key biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death among seriously ill patients worldwide, affecting more than 30 million people annually and accounting for 1-2% of hospitalizations. By analyzing gene expression omnibus (GEO) data set, our team explored the relationship between m6A methylation gene and poor prognosis of sepsis. The purpose of this present study is to examine new detection markers for patients with poor prognosis, provide theoretical basis for timely intervention and improve the survival rate of patients.

Chemogenetic Modulation of Preoptic Neurons Decreases Body Temperature and Heart Rate.

The preoptic area of the hypothalamus is critical for regulation of brain-body interaction, including circuits that control vital signs such as body temperature and heart rate. The preoptic area contains approximately 70 molecularly distinct cell types. The gene is expressed in a subset of preoptic area cell types.

Emphysematous pancreatitis: Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Background: Emphysematous pancreatitis (EP) is a rare, severe form of acute necrotizing pancreatitis characterized by gas in pancreatic or peripancreatic tissue, with a high mortality rate.

Aim: To assess the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of EP through a series of case studies.

Methods: This case series was conducted in intensive care units at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.

IRF2 Affects LPS- and IFN-γ-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Responses, Cell Viability, Migration and Apoptosis of Macrophages by Regulating IRG1.

Background: Members of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family are transcriptional regulators that play vital roles in the inflammatory response of macrophages. IRF1, IRF3, and IRF9 regulate the expression of immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) in macrophages. However, the role of IRF2 in the inflammatory response of macrophages remains somewhat contradictory.

Chemogenetic silencing of the subiculum blocks acute chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of medically-intractable epilepsy. Subicular hyperexcitability is frequently observed with TLE, presumably caused by impaired inhibition of local excitatory neurons. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of silencing subicular pyramidal neurons to treat a rodent model of TLE.

The association between ozone exposure and blood pressure in a general Chinese middle-aged and older population: a large-scale repeated-measurement study.

Background: The relationship between ozone (O) exposure and blood pressure (BP) remains inconclusive. Given the scarcity of Chinese epidemiological data, more research on this association is of paramount importance, particularly among middle-aged and older Chinese populations.

Methods: This study involved 10,875 participants (median age: 60.

[Analysis of the relationship between neonatal birth weight and meconium metabolites based on birth cohort metabolomics].

Neonatal birth weight is a crucial indicator of intrauterine growth and development with important implications for child development and adult health. The birth weight of a newborn is closely linked to the nutrition and health of the mother during pregnancy as well as genetic factors. Therefore, assessing the metabolic status of the fetus in utero is greatly significant for understanding the mechanisms responsible for abnormal birth weight.

Association between glucocorticoid administration and outcomes in patients with ARDS based on the MIMIC-III database.

This study aimed to investigate the association between glucocorticoid administration and outcomes in critically ill patients with ARDS using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database. Data were collected from the MIMIC-III database, which consists of critically ill participants between 2001 and 2012 in the USA. A total of 1831 adult critically ill patients with ARDS were enrolled from the MIMIC-III database.

Zona incerta mediates early life isoflurane-induced fear memory deficits.

The potential long-term effects of anesthesia on cognitive development, especially in neonates and infants, have raised concerns. However, our understanding of its underlying mechanisms and effective treatments is still limited. In this study, we found that early exposure to isoflurane (ISO) impaired fear memory retrieval, which was reversed by dexmedetomidine (DEX) pre-treatment.

Evaluating the Causal Effects of Circulating Proteome on the Risk of Sepsis and Related Outcomes.

The current investigation deployed Mendelian randomization (MR) to elucidate the causal relationship between circulating proteins and sepsis. A rigorous two-sample MR analysis evaluated the effect of plasma proteins on the sepsis susceptibility. To affirm the integrity of MR findings, a suite of supplementary analyses, including Bayesian colocalization, Steiger filtering, the assessment of protein-altering polymorphisms, and the correlation between expression quantitative trait loci and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs), was employed.

Gestational Exposure to PM and Specific Constituents, Meconium Metabolites, and Neonatal Neurobehavioral Development: A Cohort Study.

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy has been inversely associated with neonatal neurological development. However, the associations of exposure to specific PM constituents with neonatal neurological development remain unclear. We investigated these associations and examined the mediating role of meconium metabolites in a Chinese birth cohort consisting of 294 mother-infant pairs.

Metabolite correlation permutation after mice acute exposure to PM: Holistic exploration of toxicometabolomics by network analysis.

Many environmental toxicants can cause systemic effects, such as fine particulate matter (PM), which can penetrate the respiratory barrier and induce effects in multiple tissues. Although metabolomics has been used to identify biomarkers for PM, its multi-tissue toxicology has not yet been explored holistically. Our objective is to explore PM induced metabolic alterations and unveil the intra-tissue responses along with inter-tissue communicational effects.

[Predictive Value of Baseline Serum Marker Levels for the Effect of Interferon Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B].

Objective: To study the changes in the serum markers in chronic hepatitis B patients who have had previous treatment with long-acting interferon therapy of nucleoside and those who have not and to assess the value of the serum markers for clinical prognosis evaluation.

Methods: The clinical data of 411 cases of chronic hepatitis B were collected. All cases were given the additional treatment of long-acting interferon between October 2019 to April 2022.

Effects of tidal volume on physiology and clinical outcomes in patients with one‑lung ventilation undergoing surgery: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials.

There is no detailed study on how tidal volume (VT) affects patients during one-lung ventilation (OLV). The present study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effect of VT on physiology and clinical outcomes in OLV patients. Databases until February 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science.

Altered metabolome and microbiome associated with compromised intestinal barrier induced hepatic lipid metabolic disorder in mice after subacute and subchronic ozone exposure.

Exposure to ozone has been associated with metabolic disorders in humans, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the role of the gut-liver axis and the potential mechanism behind the metabolic disorder were investigated by histological examination, microbiome and metabolome approaches in mice during the subacute (4-week) and subchronic (12-week) exposure to 0.5 ppm and 2.

Immunosuppression induces regression of fibrosis in primary biliary cholangitis with moderate-to-severe interface hepatitis.

Background: In patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the presence of moderate-to-severe interface hepatitis is associated with a higher risk of liver transplantation and death. This highlights the need for novel treatment approaches. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether combination therapy of UDCA and immunosuppressant (IS) was more effective than UDCA monotherapy.