New advances in the treatment of intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to the complexity and variability of the disease, there are major challenges in the treatment of HCC in its intermediate and advanced stages; despite advances in various treatment modalities, there are still gaps in our understanding of effective therapeutic strategies. Key findings from several studies have shown that the combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapy has a synergistic anti-tumor effect, which can significantly enhance efficacy with a favorable safety profile.

Hydrogel based on M1 macrophage lysate and alginate loading with oxaliplatin for effective immunomodulation to inhibit melanoma progression, recurrence and metastasis.

Despite the monumental success of immunotherapy in treating melanoma clinically, it still confronts significant challenges, chiefly that singular immunomodulatory tactics are insufficient to suppress the recurrence and metastasis of melanoma. Herein, these challenges are addressed by a hydrogel based on M1 macrophage lysate and alginate (M1LMHA) loaded with oxaliplatin (OXA), named M1LMHA@OXA.The results obtained from scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy indicate that the structure and morphology of M1LMHA@OXA remain unchanged.

Insights into Plant Sensory Mechanisms under Abiotic Stresses.

As sessile organisms, plants cannot survive in harmful environments, such as those characterized by drought, flood, heat, cold, nutrient deficiency, and salt or toxic metal stress. These stressors impair plant growth and development, leading to decreased crop productivity. To induce an appropriate response to abiotic stresses, plants must sense the pertinent stressor at an early stage to initiate precise signal transduction.

Preparation of MPN@Zein-PpIX Membrane and Its Antibacterial Properties.

For antibacterial purposes, a photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial membrane was prepared through electrospinning. We used zein as the substrate and introduced Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) into the protein structure. Then, we used electrospinning technology to weave the modified zein into a fiber structure.

Osmosensor-mediated control of Ca spiking in pollen germination.

Higher plants survive terrestrial water deficiency and fluctuation by arresting cellular activities (dehydration) and resuscitating processes (rehydration). However, how plants monitor water availability during rehydration is unknown. Although increases in hypo-osmolarity-induced cytosolic Ca concentration (HOSCA) have long been postulated to be the mechanism for sensing hypo-osmolarity in rehydration, the molecular basis remains unknown.

A cross-linked macropore hydrogel based on M1 macrophage lysate and alginate regulates tumor-associated macrophages for the treatment of melanoma.

Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages possess the ability to change the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by releasing various inflammatory factors simultaneously, which can effectively inhibit tumor progression and relapse. Promoting macrophage polarization towards M1 may be an effective way to treat Melanoma. However, the risk of cytokine storm caused by the proliferation and excessive activation of M1 macrophages greatly limits it as a biosafety therapeutic strategy in anti-tumor immunotherapy.

Applications of Yttrium-90 (Y) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to the lack of systemic radiation therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma, researchers have been investigating the use of yttrium-90 (Y) radioembolization for local-regional tumor control since the 1960s. With the development of glass and resin Y microspheres and the durable local control, good long-term efficacy, and equivalent tumor responsiveness and tolerability of Y-selective internal irradiation compared with alternative therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and sorafenib, Y radioembolization has gradually been applied in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma of all stages.

A codelivery system loaded with PDL1-siRNA and sorafenib enhances the therapeutic effect of sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma via TAT-poly-SS-lysine modified chitosan.

Sorafenib (SF) is a first-line drug for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in clinical practice. However, acquired drug resistance tremendously limits the clinical efficacy of sorafenib in treating HCC, which has attracted great attention. PDL1 plays a crucial role in the drug resistance of HCC.

Nanomaterials Modulating the Fate of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Involved in Oral Tissue Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

The critical challenges in repairing oral soft and hard tissue defects are infection control and the recovery of functions. Compared to conventional tissue regeneration methods, nano-bioactive materials have become the optimal materials with excellent physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are a particular type of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with great potential in tissue regeneration and differentiation.

RCD1 Promotes Salt Stress Tolerance in by Repressing ANAC017 Activity.

Plants have evolved diverse strategies to accommodate saline environments. More insights into the knowledge of salt stress regulatory pathways will benefit crop breeding. RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH 1 (RCD1) was previously identified as an essential player in salt stress response.

Potential Treatment Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Sensitization to Sorafenib.

Liver cancer is highly malignant, has a low sensitivity to chemotherapy, and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The last 3 years have seen the emergence of promising targeted therapies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For over 10 years, before the discovery of lenvatinib, sorafenib was only first-line therapeutic agent available for the treatment of advanced HCC.

AKR1C3-dependent lipid droplet formation confers hepatocellular carcinoma cell adaptability to targeted therapy.

Increased lipid droplet (LD) formation has been linked to tumor metastasis, stemness, and chemoresistance in various types of cancer. Here, we revealed that LD formation is critical for the adaptation to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We aim to investigate the LD function and its regulatory mechanisms in HCC.

Erythropoietin Activates Autophagy to Regulate Apoptosis and Angiogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via the Akt/ERK1/2/BAD Signaling Pathway under Inflammatory Microenvironment.

Background: Angiogenic tissue engineering is a vital problem waiting to be settled for periodontal regeneration. Erythropoietin, a multieffect cytokine, has been reported as a protective factor for cell fate. According to our previous study, erythropoietin has a significantly angiogenic effect on periodontal ligament stem cells.

Inhibition of PP2A by LB100 sensitizes bladder cancer cells to chemotherapy by inducing p21 degradation.

Purpose: Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is the most common urinary tract malignancy and exhibits a poor response to chemotherapy. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in a wide variety of regulatory cellular processes, including apoptosis and the DNA-damage response (DDR). LB100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A, has been shown to act as a chemo-sensitizer in multiple types of cancer.

Sensing Mechanisms: Calcium Signaling Mediated Abiotic Stress in Plants.

Plants are exposed to various environmental stresses. The sensing of environmental cues and the transduction of stress signals into intracellular signaling are initial events in the cellular signaling network. As a second messenger, Ca links environmental stimuli to different biological processes, such as growth, physiology, and sensing of and response to stress.

Flg22-induced Ca increases undergo desensitization and resensitization.

The flagellin epitope flg22, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), binds to the receptor-like kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2), and triggers Ca influx across the plasma membrane (PM). The flg22-induced increases in cytosolic Ca concentration ([Ca ] ) (FICA) play a crucial role in plant innate immunity. It's well established that the receptor FLS2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst undergo sensitivity adaptation after flg22 stimulation, referred to as desensitization and resensitization, to prevent over responses to pathogens.

Thermodynamic analysis on wetting states and wetting state transitions of rough surfaces.

Determining the equilibrium wetting states and exploring the conditions and mechanisms of the wetting state transition from the Cassie-Baxter (CB) state to the Wenzel (W) state (CB-W transition) have been a central topic in the study of superhydrophobic behavior on rough or textured surfaces. Although considerable progress has been made, some issues regarding this topic are still not completely understood. In this study, a systematic thermodynamic analysis has been performed to address several key issues related to this topic.

Hydrogen peroxide sensor HPCA1 is an LRR receptor kinase in Arabidopsis.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a major reactive oxygen species in unicellular and multicellular organisms, and is produced extracellularly in response to external stresses and internal cues. HO enters cells through aquaporin membrane proteins and covalently modifies cytoplasmic proteins to regulate signalling and cellular processes. However, whether sensors for HO also exist on the cell surface remains unknown.

Calcium-mediation of jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling in plants.

Jasmonates (JAs) play vital roles in regulating a range of plant growth and development processes including seed germination, seedling development, reproduction, formation and development of storage organs, and senescence. JAs are also involved in the regulation of plant responses to environmental stimuli. The biosynthesis of JAs takes place in three different subcellular compartments, namely, the chloroplast, peroxisome, and cytoplasm.

Both NaCl and HO Long-Term Stresses Affect Basal Cytosolic Ca Levels but Only NaCl Alters Cytosolic Ca Signatures in .

Salinity is one of the formidable environmental factors that affect plant growth and development and constrain agricultural productivity. Experimentally imposed short-term NaCl treatment triggers a transient increase in cytosolic free Ca concentration ([Ca]) via Ca influx across the plasma membrane. Salinity stress, as well as other stresses, induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as HO.

Plant Calcium Signaling in Response to Potassium Deficiency.

Potassium (K⁺) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the most abundant cation in the cytosol. K⁺ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, soil K⁺ availability is very low and variable, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield.

Characterization of a new fungal immunomodulatory protein, FIP-dsq2 from Dichomitus squalens.

FIP-dsq2, a new immunomodulatory protein, was identified in Basidiomycota Dichomitus squalens by gene mining. FIP-dsq2 contained 111 amino acids with a molecular weight of 12.51kDa.

Biotic and Abiotic Stresses Activate Different Ca Permeable Channels in .

To survive, plants must respond rapidly and effectively to various stress factors, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Salinity stress triggers the increase of cytosolic free Ca concentration ([Ca]) via Ca influx across the plasma membrane, as well as bacterial flg22 and plant endogenous peptide Pep1. However, the interaction between abiotic stress-induced [Ca] increases and biotic stress-induced [Ca] increases is still not clear.

FIP-sch2, a new fungal immunomodulatory protein from Stachybotrys chlorohalonata, suppresses proliferation and migration in lung cancer cells.

Fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP)-sch2, an immunomodulatory protein identified in the ascomycete Stachybotrys chlorohalonata by a sequence similarity search, is a novel member of the FIP family. FIP-sch2 shares high sequence identity, structure, and evolutionary conservation with previously reported FIPs. It was satisfactorily expressed in Escherichia coli with a glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag and purified by GST-affinity magnetic beads.