Phylogenetic differences in the morphology and shape of the central sulcus in great apes and humans: implications for the evolution of motor functions.

The central sulcus divides the primary motor and somatosensory cortices in many anthropoid primate brains. Differences exist in the surface area and depth of the central sulcus along the dorso-ventral plane in great apes and humans compared to other primate species. Within hominid species, there are variations in the depth and aspect of their hand motor area, or knob, within the precentral gyrus.

NAD precursors promote the restoration of spermatogenesis in busulfan-treated mice through inhibiting Sirt2-regulated ferroptosis.

In recent years, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) precursors (Npre) have been widely employed to ameliorate female reproductive problems in both humans and animal models. However, whether and how Npre plays a role in the male reproductive disorder has not been fully clarified. In the present study, a busulfan-induced non-obstructive azoospermic mouse model was used, and Npre was administered for five weeks following the drug injection, with the objective of reinstating spermatogenesis and fertility.

[Retrospective study on the modified Uhl technique of closed reduction and percutaneous pin in the treatment of Colles' fracture].

Objective: To retrospectively assess the advantages of the modified Uhl technique in the treatment of Colles' fracture guided by the principles of Chinese osteosynthesis (CO) concept.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 358 patients with Colles' fracture treated with the modified Uhl technique of closed reduction and percutaneous pin between January 2016 and June 2021. Out of these, 120 eligible cases were selected and categorized into two groups according to different surgical methods:the closed reduction and percutaneous pin group, and the open reduction group.

Exploring the emergence of morphological asymmetries around the brain's Sylvian fissure: a longitudinal study of shape variability in preterm infants.

Brain folding patterns vary within the human species, but some folding properties are common across individuals, including the Sylvian fissure's inter-hemispheric asymmetry. Contrarily to the other brain folds (sulci), the Sylvian fissure develops through the process of opercularization, with the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes growing over the insular lobe. Its asymmetry may be related to the leftward functional lateralization for language processing, but the time course of these asymmetries' development is still poorly understood.

Disentangling the variability of the superficial white matter organization using regional-tractogram-based population stratification.

Each variation of the cortical folding pattern implies a particular rearrangement of the geometry of the fibers of the underlying white matter. While this rearrangement only impacts the ends of the long pathways, it may affect most of the trajectory of the short bundles. Therefore, mapping the short fibers of the human brain using diffusion-based tractography requires a dedicated strategy to overcome the variability of the folding patterns.

Correction: Chestnut polysaccharides restore impaired spermatogenesis by adjusting gut microbiota and the intestinal structure.

Correction for 'Chestnut polysaccharides restore impaired spermatogenesis by adjusting gut microbiota and the intestinal structure' by Zhong-Yi Sun , , 2022, , 425-436, DOI: 10.1039/D1FO03145G.

Shape variability of the central sulcus in the developing brain: A longitudinal descriptive and predictive study in preterm infants.

Despite growing evidence of links between sulcation and function in the adult brain, the folding dynamics, occurring mostly before normal-term-birth, is vastly unknown. Looking into the development of cortical sulci in infants can give us keys to address fundamental questions: what is the sulcal shape variability in the developing brain? When are the shape features encoded? How are these morphological parameters related to further functional development? In this study, we aimed to investigate the shape variability of the developing central sulcus, which is the frontier between the primary somatosensory and motor cortices. We studied a cohort of 71 extremely preterm infants scanned twice using MRI - once around 30 weeks post-menstrual age (w PMA) and once at term-equivalent age, around 40w PMA -, in order to quantify the sulcus's shape variability using manifold learning, regardless of age-group or hemisphere.

Transthyretin Suppressed Tumor Progression in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer by Inactivating MAPK/ERK Pathway.

Lung malignancy is a main source of disease passing all throughout the planet, whereas the transthyretin (TTR) is a specific biomarker for clinical diagnosis. However, its role in lung malignancy stays to be obscure. In the current examination, the authors made an endeavor to research impact of abnormal expression of TTR on nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by overexpression or knockdown of TTR.

mutation is associated with tumor HPV status and promotes poor disease outcomes with a higher mutation count in HPV-related cervical carcinoma and head & neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and gene mutations were reputed as key factors in cervical carcinoma (CC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the associations of HPV status and gene mutations remain to be determined. This study aims to identify molecular patterns of mutation and HPV status via rewiring tumor samples of HNSCC (n=1478) and CC (n=178) from the TCGA dataset.

Promotion of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Progression Using Circular RNA circabcc4 via Facilitating PLA2G6 Expression by Sequestering miR-663a.

Circular RNA (circRNA) has been increasingly proven as a new type of promising therapeutic RNA molecule in a variety of human diseases. However, the role of circRNA in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not yet been elucidated. Here, a new circRNA circABCC4 was identified from the Agilent circRNA chip as a differentially expressed circRNA in BPD.

Chestnut polysaccharides benefit spermatogenesis through improvement in the expression of important genes.

Recently there has been a continuing worldwide decrease in the quality of human spermatozoa, especially in spermatozoa motility and concentration. Many factors are involved in this decline, and great efforts have been made to rescue spermatogenesis; however, there has been little progress in the improvement of sperm quality. Chestnuts are used in traditional Chinese medicine; their major active components are chestnut polysaccharides (CPs).

[Urolastic: A new medical liquid silicone rubber elastomer compound for penile augmentation in beagle dogs].

Objective: To study the safety, durability and effectiveness of a new medical liquid silicone rubber elastomer (LSRE) compound Urolastic in penile augmentation in beagle dogs.

Methods: A total of 30 beagle dogs were included in the experiment. The diameters of the proximal, middle and distal penis of the animals were measured and the indexes of blood routine, liver and kidney function and electrolytes obtained before and at 1 week and 3 months after penile subcutaneous injection of the LSRE compound.

[Sun's coronal sulcus ring incision plus suprapubic liposuction versus suprapubic V-Y incision for penile elongation].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of suprapubic V-Y incision versus that of Sun's coronal sulcus ring incision plus suprapubic liposuction (CSRI+SPLS) for penile elongation.

Methods: From December 2010 to January 2018, 100 adult males with congenital short penis underwent suprapubic V-Y incision (the V-Y group, n = 50) or CSRI+SPLS (n = 50) for penile elongation surgery in our department. We statistically analyzed the clinical data on the two groups of patients, including age, body mass index (BMI), pre- and post-operative penile lengths in flaccid and erectile states, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative use of analgesics, postoperative hospital stay, stage-Ⅰ wound healing, incidence of postoperative complications, and quality of pre- and post-operative sexual life.

Potential therapeutic targets of the nuclear division cycle 80 (NDC80) complexes genes in lung adenocarcinoma.

: Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, both in terms of the incidence and mortality. NDC80 complex comprising of NDC80, NUF2, SPC24, and SPC25 is a heterotetrameric protein complex located in the outer layer of the kinetochore and plays a critical role in mitosis. This study focuses on the effects of NDC80 complex genes on clinical features and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Lipoxin A4 attenuates hyperoxia‑induced lung epithelial cell injury via the upregulation of heme oxygenase‑1 and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines.

The present study examined whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) increases the expression of HO‑1, and inhibits the production of interleukin 6 (IL‑6) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‑1) in LXA4‑induced protection during hyperoxia‑induced injury in murine lung epithelial cells (MLE‑12) and what signal pathway may participate in the actions of LXA4 inhibiting IL‑6 and MCP‑1. MLE‑12 cells were exposed to air or hyperoxia with or without pretreatment with LXA4, Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP‑IX), IL‑6, anti‑IL‑6, MCP‑1, anti‑MCP‑1, inhibitors of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. The cell survival rates, cell viability, apoptosis rates, expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1), IL‑6 and MCP‑1, and the activations of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and Akt were measured.

"Plis de passage" Deserve a Role in Models of the Cortical Folding Process.

Cortical folding is a hallmark of brain topography whose variability across individuals remains a puzzle. In this paper, we call for an effort to improve our understanding of the pli de passage phenomenon, namely annectant gyri buried in the depth of the main sulci. We suggest that plis de passage could become an interesting benchmark for models of the cortical folding process.

Relationship between SNP rs1764391 and Susceptibility, Risk Factors, Gene-environment Interactions of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Guangxi Han Chinese Population.

Background: Large-scale population studies showed that the SNP rs1764391 of Connexin37 gene also known as Cx37 gene may play a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Published results, however, are highly controversial.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between SNP rs1764391 of Cx37 and diseasesusceptibility, several risk factors, and gene-environment interactions of AMI in Guangxi Han Chinese population.

Differential expression of circRNAs during rat lung development.

At present, thousands of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found in cancer and various tissues from different species. However, the expression of circRNAs during rat lung development remains largely unknown. In the present study, circRNA expression profiles were screened in three mixed rat lung tissues at 3 time‑points [embryonic day (E) 19, E21 and post‑natal (P) day 3] during fetal rat development with circRNA high‑throughput sequencing.

Expression and potential regulation of miRNA‑431 during lung development of Sprague‑Dawley rats.

Deficiency of surfactant proteins (SPs) is the main cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and chronic lung diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that miR‑431 was differentially expressed between infants with RDS and infants without RDS using microarray analysis. However, the potential role of miR‑431 in the development of lung function is still unknown.

Identification of oxidative stress-related Xdh gene as a di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) target and the use of melatonin to alleviate the DEHP-induced impairments in newborn mouse ovaries.

This study, using an in vitro ovary culture model, investigates the mechanisms through which di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) impairs germ cell cyst breakdown and primordial follicle assembly. The results indicate the latter effects exerted by 10 or 100 µmol/L DEHP in cultured newborn ovaries were associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Based on a transcriptome analysis, we found the expression of the oxidative stress-related gene Xdh (xanthine dehydrogenase) was significantly upregulated in DEHP-cultured ovaries.

[Continuous expression of miR-431 during lung development in Sprague-Dawley rats].

Objective: To study the role of miR-431 in lung development and morphology.

Methods: According to the stage of lung development in rats, Sprague-Dawley rats at embryonic day 16 (E16), embryonic day (E19), embryonic day (E21), postnatal day 1 (P1), postnatal day 3 (P3), postnatal day 7 (P7), postnatal day 14 (P14) and 10 weeks after birth (P10 weeks) were selected, and lung tissue samples were collected for observation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were performed to observe the morphology of lung tissue.

Comparative efficacy and safety of multiple antiplatelet therapies for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: A network meta-analysis.

Background: Antiplatelet therapies for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a highly active research topic with five critical drugs obtained by visual analysis. We aimed to compare and rank multiple antiplatelet therapies using a network meta-analysis.

Methods: Relevant medical databases were searched.