Serum CXCL8 Concentration Can Be Used as a Noninvasive Marker of Subclinical Rejection After Pediatric Liver Transplantation.

Background: This study aimed to explore whether serum CXCL8 concentration can be used as a noninvasive marker of subclinical rejection (SCR) after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT).

Methods: Firstly, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on 22 protocol liver biopsy samples. Secondly, several experimental methods were used to verify the RNA-seq results.

Metronomic capecitabine inhibits liver transplant rejection in rats by triggering recipients' T cell ferroptosis.

Background: Capecitabine (CAP) is a classic antimetabolic drug and has shown potential antirejection effects after liver transplantation (LT) in clinical studies. Our previous study showed that metronomic CAP can cause the programmed death of T cells by inducing oxidative stress in healthy mice. Ferroptosis, a newly defined non-apoptotic cell death that occurs in response to iron overload and lethal levels of lipid peroxidation, is an important mechanism by which CAP induces cell death.

Comparison of the long-term outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria treated by ablation, resection, or transplantation.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT), resection (LR), and ablation (LA) are three curative-intent treatment options for patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to develop a prognostic calculator to compare the long-term outcomes following each of these therapies.

Methods: A total of 976 patients with HCC within the Milan criteria who underwent LT, LR, and LA between 2009 and 2019 from four institutions were evaluated.

Suture ligation for submucosal hemostasis during hand-sewn side-to-side duodeno-ileostomy in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation.

Background: Enteric anastomotic (EA) bleeding is a potentially life-threatening surgical complication associated with enteric anastomosis during simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPKT).

Aim: To investigate whether suture ligation (SL) for submucosal hemostasis during hand-sewn enteric anastomosis could decrease the morbidity of early EA bleeding in SPKT.

Methods: We compared the outcomes of 134 patients classified into SL ( = 44) and no SL (NSL) groups ( = 90).

[Supergenes:Generalists in Gene Expression].

In eukaryote cells,transcription from genome DNA is a key process of gene expression.The transcription products contain not only messenger RNAs that code proteins,but also various types of non-coding RNAs.During transcription,some of the gene loci produce more than one kind of RNA molecule,including coding RNAs and more often non-coding RNAs.

Simultaneous partial splenectomy during liver transplantation for advanced cirrhosis patients combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism.

Background: The most effective treatment for advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension is liver transplantation (LT). However, splenomegaly and hypersplenism can persist even after LT in patients with massive splenomegaly.

Aim: To examine the feasibility of performing partial splenectomy during LT in patients with advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism.

Heme oxygenase-1-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with normothermic machine perfusion to protect donation after circulatory death liver grafts.

Background: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver grafts have a poor prognosis after transplantation. We investigated whether the outcome of DCD donor organs can be improved by heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), and explored its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: BMMSCs were isolated, cultured, and transduced with the HO-1 gene.

Clinical progress of auxiliary liver transplantation.

After half a century of development, auxiliary liver transplantation (ALT) technology gradually matured and major indications of ALT have been gradually expanded. This review summarized the history of ALT and introduced indications for ALT which including metabolic liver disease, fulminant hepatic failure, highly sensitized kidney transplantation, prevention of hepatic resection of small hepatic syndrome, etc.; at the same time, the hot issues related to ALT were discussed, including the regulation of hepatic portal blood flow of transplanted liver and residual liver, how to treat the graft liver and remaining liver on second stage.

CORM-2 Pretreatment Attenuates Inflammation-mediated Islet Dysfunction.

During the process of human islet isolation a cascade of stressful events are triggered and negatively influence islet yield, viability, and function, including the production of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of apoptosis. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule 2 (CORM-2) is a donor of carbon monoxide (CO) and can release CO spontaneously. Accumulating studies suggest that CORM-2 exerts cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combine with normothermic machine perfusion to improve rat donor liver quality-the important role of hepatic microcirculation in donation after circulatory death.

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) can expand the donor pool effectively. A gap remains in outcome between DCD livers and living donor livers, warranting improved DCD liver quality and urgent resolution. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can regulate immunity, participate in the anti-inflammatory response, and secrete cytokines.

Normothermic Machine Perfusion Combined with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Oxidative Stress Response and Mitochondrial Function in Rat Donation After Circulatory Death Livers.

There is a need to improve the quality of donor liver from donation after circulatory death (DCD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on the oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in DCD livers. DCD livers were obtained, a rat NMP system was established, and BMMSCs were extracted and identified.

Complex liver retransplantation to treat graft loss due to long-term biliary tract complication after liver transplantation: A case report.

Background: Loss of graft function after liver transplantation (LT) inevitably requires liver retransplant. Retransplantation of the liver (ReLT) remains controversial because of inferior outcomes compared with the primary orthotopic LT (OLT). Meanwhile, if accompanied by vascular complications such as arterial and portal vein (PV) stenosis or thrombosis, it will increase difficulties of surgery.

Study of the protective effect on damaged intestinal epithelial cells of rat multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells.

In this study, we determined whether multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells exist in rat bone marrow and elucidated their effects on protection against the injury of intestinal epithelial cells associated with inflammation. Rat Muse cells were separated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) by trypsin-incubation stress. The group of cells maintained the characteristics of BMMSCs; however, there were high positive expression levels of stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3; 75.

Long non-coding RNA highly up-regulated in liver cancer promotes exosome secretion.

Background: Highly upregulated in liver cancer () is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which has recently been identified as a key regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, its role in the secretion of exosomes from HCC cells remains unknown.

Aim: To explore the mechanism by which promotes the secretion of exosomes from HCC cells.

Hyperuricemia in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation Patients During Mizoribine Administration Caused Mainly by Changes in Kidney Function.

Background: Although mizoribine (MZR) is used as an immunosuppressant after renal transplantation, the occurrence of hyperuricemia has been reported. The onset of hyperuricemia is often observed within the first several months after surgery. Since MZR is a renal excretion-type drug excreted as an unchanged drug from the kidneys, MZR blood concentrations may rise due to the influence of renal function.

Efficacy and Safety of Mizoribine Combined With Tacrolimus in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients: 3-Year Results by a Chinese Single Center Study.

Background: Mizoribine (MZR) was effective and safe for living Chinese donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) on tacrolimus-based treatment 1 year after transplantation. We investigated whether MZR was effective and safe for LDKT on tacrolimus-based treatment with long follow-up periods.

Methods: We compared 22 LDKT recipients who were administered MZR, tacrolimus, and corticosteroids with a control group (n = 20) treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus, and corticosteroids.

Normothermic Machine Perfusion Protects Against Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury During Reduced-Size Liver Transplantation in Pigs.

BACKGROUND Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) preservation is superior to cold preservation during reduced-size liver transplantation (RSLT) in pigs. However, the mechanism of this protective effect has not been explained. We aimed to compare the effects of NMP preservation with that of cold preservation (CS) in protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during RSLT in pigs.

Simultaneous liver, pancreas-duodenum and kidney transplantation in a patient with hepatitis B cirrhosis, uremia and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Simultaneous liver, pancreas-duodenum, and kidney transplantation has been rarely reported in the literature. Here we present a new and more efficient technique that combines classic orthotopic liver and pancreas-duodenum transplantation and heterotopic kidney transplantation for a male patient aged 44 years who had hepatitis B related cirrhosis, renal failure, and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A quadruple immunosuppressive regimen including induction with basiliximab and maintenance therapy with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids was used in the early stage post-transplant.

Effect of graft size matching on pediatric living-donor liver transplantation at a single center.

We retrospectively analyzed 252 patients with end-stage liver disease who had undergone LDLT from January 2009 to September 2015. Of these, 25 had a GRWR of <2.0% (Group A), 204 had a GRWR of ≥2.

Development and Assessment of Normothermic Machine Perfusion Preservation for Extracorporeal Splitting of Pig Liver.

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) exerts a significant protective role for donations after cardiac death (DCD) livers and verified the effects of NMP in preservation, repair, and preoperative assessment of human donor livers. The objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness and stability of NMP system by splitting pig livers in perfusion preservation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four healthy Ba-Ma miniature pigs were used.

Effect of genes modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on small bowel transplant rejection.

Aim: To investigate whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) modified with the and genes can augment the inhibitory effect of BMMSCs on small bowel transplant rejection.

Methods: Lewis rat BMMSCs were cultured . Third-passage BMMSCs were transduced with the genes or the gene alone.

Effects of heme oxygenase-1-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on microcirculation and energy metabolism following liver transplantation.

Aim: To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on the microcirculation and energy metabolism of hepatic sinusoids following reduced-size liver transplantation (RLT) in a rat model.

Methods: BMMSCs were isolated and cultured using an adherent method, and then transduced with HO-1-bearing recombinant adenovirus to construct HO-1/BMMSCs. A rat acute rejection model following 50% RLT was established using a two-cuff technique.

Biological effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on hepatitis B virus in vitro.

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of co‑culturing bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‑infected lymphocytes in vitro. BM‑MSCs and lymphocytes from Brown Norway rats were obtained from the bone marrow and spleen, respectively. Rats were divided into the following five experimental groups: Group 1, splenic lymphocytes (SLCs); group 2, HepG2.