Paradoxical herniation associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy after decompressive craniectomy: A case report.

Background: Whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can cause paradoxical herniation is still unclear.

Case Summary: A 65-year-old patient who was comatose due to brain trauma underwent decompressive craniotomy and gradually regained consciousness after surgery. HBOT was administered 22 d after surgery due to speech impairment.

[Expression and clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptors in non-specific chronic encephalitis and non-encephalitis relative intractable epilepsy].

Objective: To explore the expression and clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and its receptors p55 and p75 in non-specific chronic encephalitis relative intractable epilepsy (NCERE) and non-NCERE.

Methods: Immunohistochemical SABC staining was employed to detect the foci of 24 cases of intractable epilepsy (NCERE, n = 10; non-NCERE, n = 14) and 10 cases of the expression of TNF-α and its receptors p55 and p75 in normal brain tissues (control group) to analyze their clinical significance.

Results: All expressions of the control group were negative.

[Activation of mTOR in maldeveloped balloon cells and dysmorphic neurons of type II focal cortical dysplasia].

Objective: To investigate whether mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase was abnormally activated in maldeveloped balloon cells and dysmorphic neurons of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) with refractory epilepsy.

Methods: A total of 12 archival cases of FCD typeIIwith medically intractable epilepsy treated between 2008 and 2010 were retrieved. Perilesional brain tissue was used as control specimens (n = 8).