The sources, properties, extraction, biosynthesis, pharmacology, and application of lycopene.

Lycopene is an important pigment with an alkene skeleton from , which is also obtained from some red fruits and vegetables. Lycopene is used in the food field with rich functions and serves in the medical field with multiple clinical values because it has dual functions of both medicine and food. It was found that lycopene was mainly isolated by solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, high-intensity pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, enzymatic-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction.

L.: A Comprehensive Review on the Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytonutrients, Health Benefits, Quality Markers, and Applications.

L. (sea buckthorn), consumed as a food and health supplement worldwide, has rich nutritional and medicinal properties. Different parts of L.

Increased diffusion and decreased perfusion in epiphyses of femoral heads detected via intravoxel incoherent motion after closed reduction in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Background Patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) may have decreased blood supply to the femoral heads. Finding a non-invasive method to evaluate whether the femoral heads in patients with DDH are ischemic is paramount for orthopedic surgeons. Purpose To identify whether parameters reflecting perfusion and diffusion in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) sequences can be used to assess ischemia in femoral heads in patients with DDH after closed reduction.

Intraoperative Arthrogram Predicts Residual Dysplasia after Successful Closed Reduction of DDH.

Objective: To determine the incidence of residual dysplasia after closed reduction (CR) of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and assess correlations between quality of arthrogram-guided CR and residual dysplasia using a new intraoperative radiographic criterion.

Methods: Data of a consecutive series of 126 patients with DDH in 139 hips treated at our institution by arthrogram-guided CR from March 2006 to June 2013 were reviewed in this retrospective study. There were 23 boys and 103 girls with 88 affected left hips and 51 right hips.

[Chemical Constituents from Saururus chinensis].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of active components of Saururus chinensis on anti-nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

Methods: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification, and physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures.

Results: Six chemical compounds were isolated from the active part of anti-withdrawal symptoms, and were identified as 4'-hydroxyl-3,3',4,5,5'-pentamethoxy-7,7'-epoxylignan (1) ,3-(2-nitroethyl)-1-methoxyindole(2), elemicin (3), erythro-(7R, 8S) - (-) - (3,4,5-trimethoxy-7-hydroxy-1'-allyl-3', 5'-dimethoxy)-8-O-4'-neolignan (4), 3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenylacrylaldehyde (5) and dibutyl phthalate (6).

[Chemical Constituents from Roots and Rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii( Ⅳ)].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii.

Methods: The85% methanol elution parts from the roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii were separated and purified by polyamide,silica gel,RPC18,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and the preparation of high performance liquid. Chemical structures were identified by MS,1D and 2D-NMR experiment.

[Study on chemical components of Tripterospermum chinense].

Objective: To investigate the chemical components of the whole herb of Tripterospermum chinense.

Methods: Various column chromatography methods were used in the isolation and purification. Physio-chemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures.

[Study on chemical constituents of Eucommia ulmoides leaves].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Eucommia ulmoides leaves.

Methods: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification, physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures.

Results: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as borreriagenin (1), n-butyl-O-β-D-fructopyranoside (2), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->1')-3'-amino-3'-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (4), β-D-fructose (5), diisobutyl phthalate (6), 5-hydroxy-9-isopropylether-guaiacylglycerol (7), 4-hydroxyphenylethanol-8-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1-->6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), lariciresinol (9), and (3S,5R,6R,9S)-tetrahydroxy-7-ene-megastigmane (10).

[Study on chemical constituents of Gardenia jasminoides(III)].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Gardenia jasminoides fruits.

Methods: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification, and physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures.

Results: Twelve compounds were isolated from Gardenia jasminoides including jasminoside I (1), gardenoside (2), gardaloside (3), 3-hydroxy-urs-12-ene-11-ketone(4), 5, 4'-dihydroxyl-7, 3', 5'-trimethoxyflavone (5), 5, 7, 3', 4', 5'-pentamethoxyflavone(6), 3, 5, 6, 4'-tetrahydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxyflavone (7), shikimic acid (8), 1, 2, 4-benzenetriol (9), 3, 4-dimethoxy-benzoic acid (10), dibutyl phthalate (11) and diisobutyl phthalate (12).

Surgical implications for residual subluxation after closed reduction for developmental dislocation of the hip: a long-term follow-up.

Objective: Untreated residual subluxation after early closed reduction for developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) leads to early degenerative osteoarthritis. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of early surgical timing and its indications.

Methods: Thirty-six patients (48 hips) with untreated residual subluxation after closed reduction who had serial follow-up radiographs until they had reached skeletal maturity were retrospectively reviewed.

[Phenylpropanoids constituents of Eucommia ulmoides leaves].

Objective: To investigate phenylpropanoids constituents from Eucommia ulmoides leaves.

Methods: Various column chromatographic methods were used in isolation and purification. Physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures of phenylpropanoids.

[Study on chemical constituents of iridoids from eucommiae folium].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of iridoids from Eucommiae Folium.

Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatography, the structures were identified on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectral analysis.

Results: Nine iridoids were isolated and identified as asperuloside (1), daphylloside (2), scandoside methyl ester (3), loganin (4), 8-epi-loganin (5), 7-epi-loganin (6), deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester (7), geniposide (8) and geniposidic acid (9).

[Study on chemical constituents in the roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii (III)].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents in the roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii.

Methods: The roots and rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii were extracted with 70% ethanol and purified by polyamide, silica gel, RP-C18 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Chemical structures were identified by MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments.

[Effects of Valeriana amurensis on the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and IkappaCB-alpha in Alzheimer's disease model rat's brain].

Objective: To investigate effects of Valeriana amurensis Smir. ex Kom. on the inflammation reaction of cortical neurons and hippocampus neuronsin in Alzheimer's disease model rat's brain.

[Effects of Valeriana amurensis on the expressions of beta-APP, Abeta(1-40) and caspase-3 in Alzheimer's disease model rat's brain].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Valeriana amurensis on the expressions of P-APP,A4,1 and Caspase-3 of cortical neurons and hippocampus neurons in in Alzheimer's disease model rats' brain.

Methods: Established the model with multiple factors, observed the expressions of beta-APP, Abeta(1-40) and Caspase-3 of cortical neurons and Hippocampus neurons in in Alzheimer's disease model rats' brain by electron lens using immunohistochemistry method.

Results: The extracts of the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana amurensis decreased the expressions of beta-APP, Abeta(1-40) and Caspase-3 of cortical neurons and hippocampus neurons in in a dose-dependent manner.

[Clinical observation on analgesic effect of electroacupuncture at Neimadian after operation of extremities].

Objective: To observe effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture at Neimadian for analgesia in the extremities after orthopedic operation.

Methods: Two hundred cases enrolled were divided into two groups. The test group of 100 cases were treated with electroacupuncture at Neimadian and oral administration of placebo, and the control group of 100 cases with oral administration of tramadoli hydrochloride.