The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulates autophagy to induce apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by PM2.5 particulate matter.

Objective: Many lung diseases are associated with changes in autophagic activity. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a key regulatory role in autophagy. Our aim was to explore the function of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway on autophagy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by particulate matter with a diameter <2.

[Intestinal absorption of enteric coating potassium sodium dehydroandroan drographolide succinate pellets in rat and in vivo pharmacokinetics study].

Objective: To develop a method for determination the content of Potassium Sodium Dehydroandroan drographolide Succinate (PSDS) in rat intestinal contents and plasma and investigate the intestinal absorption of PSDS pellets in rat and in vivo pharmacokinetics of PSDS pellets.

Methods: The content of PSDS in rat intestinal contents and plasma was determined by HPLC. In vivo pharmacokinetic properties and intestinal absorption of PSDS pellets in rat were investigated.