Sex differences in the relationship between olfactory and cognitive impairment among subjects with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Odor identification (OI) deficits are observed in both individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and serve as risk factors for dementia. Compared with males, females typically demonstrate superior OI performance and different risks of dementia. However, the role of sex in the relationship between OI dysfunction and cognitive impairment remains uncertain.

Plasma p-tau217 and p-tau217/Aβ1-42 are effective biomarkers for identifying CSF- and PET imaging-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: Insights for research and clinical practice.

Introduction: With the advancement of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), validating plasma biomarkers against cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) standards is crucial in both research and real-world settings.

Methods: We measured plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)217, p-tau181, amyloid beta (Aβ)1-40, Aβ1-42, and neurofilament light chain in research and real-world cohorts. Participants were categorized by brain amyloid status using US Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency-approved CSF or PET methods.

Ginsenoside Rd protects against acute liver injury by regulating the autophagy NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) is a bioactive compound predominantly found in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.

Exploring the Relationship Between Education, Living Environment, and Anxiety/Depression Among Stable Patients: Insights from the COPD-AD China Registry Study.

Background: Education and living environment are related to mental health. But the independent and combined effects of them on mental health among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are uncertain.

Methods: The independent and combined effects of education and living environment on mental health were assessed by binary logistic regression in 1064 COPD patients.

Chemosensory anhedonia facilitates depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in late-life depression.

Aim: Chemosensory anhedonia refers to the lack of hedonic ability to experience pleasure through the senses of smell and taste, which reduces the pleasure and comfort of food, and increases the risk of nutritional and immune deficiencies. However, there is no direct scientific evidence regarding chemosensory anhedonia in patients with late-life depression (LLD). The aim of this study was to investigate chemosensory anhedonia in patients with LLD, and its potential association with depressive symptoms and cognitive function.

Predictive value of inflammatory factors on the efficacy of adjuvant Dexamethasone in the treatment of refractory purulent meningitis among pediatric patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to figure out the predictive value of inflammatory factors on the efficacy of Dexamethasone adjuvant therapy for refractory purulent meningitis in children.

Methods: In, this study, a regression analysis method was employed to select a sample of 38 children with refractory purulent meningitis, 40 children with purulent meningitis, and 40 healthy children who visited to Ganzhou People's Hospital for physical These participants were then assigned to the Dexamethasone, standard care and the control groups. The inflammatory factors in the three groups were compared, and a multivariate Logisitic regression was analysis was conducted to examine the predictive indicators and efficacy of Dexamethasone treatment in children with refractory purulent meningitis.

Olfactory Dysfunction as a Marker for Cognitive Impairment in General Paresis of the Insane: A Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND General paresis of the insane (GPI) is characterized by cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and brain structural abnormalities, mimicking many neuropsychiatric diseases. Olfactory dysfunction has been linked to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms in numerous neuropsychiatric diseases. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether patients with GPI experience olfactory dysfunction and whether olfactory dysfunction is associated with their clinical manifestations.

Abnormalities in Electroencephalographic Microstates in Patients with Late-Life Depression.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by disrupted brain networks. Resting-state networks in the brain are composed of both stable and transient topological structures known as microstates, which reflect the dynamics of the neural activities. However, the specific pattern of EEG microstate in LLD remains unclear.

Fabrication of high-preformance emulsifier from conjugating maltodextrin onto myofibrillar protein peptide with microwave- ultrasound synergy.

In this study, we systematically investigated the emulsifying capabilities of myofibrillar protein (MP)- and MP peptide (MPP)-based conjugates synthesized through intensification techniques: water bath (WB), microwave, ultrasound, and the combined ultrasound-microwave (UM) methods. Compared with WB, microwave, and ultrasound treatments, the combined UM treatment greatly promoted the glycation reaction because ultrasound and microwave mutually reinforced modification effects. The resultant conjugate structure tended to unfold with more flexible conformation and homogeneous morphology.

Simultaneous ultrasound and microwave application in myosin-chlorogenic acid conjugation: Unlocking enhanced emulsion stability.

This study investigated the grafting chlorogenic acid (CA) onto myosin, utilizing various techniques including conventional method, ultrasound, microwave, and combination of ultrasound and microwave (UM). The grafting efficiency was as follows: conventional method < microwave < ultrasound < UM. The UM technique manifested the highest CA-binding capacity (80.

Association between Periodontitis and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The connection between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to receive attention. However, whether periodontitis is a risk factor for MCI remains still uncertain. This study aims to systematically analyze the available literature regarding the relationship between periodontitis and the risk of developing MCI and whether the periodontal health of MCI patients is poorer.

Effectiveness of nurse-delivered stepwise swallowing training on dysphagia in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A multi-center randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although swallowing exercises are a fundamental treatment for dysphagia, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of swallowing training in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: We recruited 93 patients with Alzheimer's disease from three hospitals in Guangdong, China. This was a parallel armed randomized controlled trial that randomly assigned patients to intervention (n = 48) and control (n = 45) groups.

Altered resting-state brain oscillation and the associated cognitive impairments in late-life depression with different depressive severity: An EEG power spectrum and functional connectivity study.

Objective: Cognitive impairments are prevalent in late-life depression (LLD). However, it remains unclear whether there are concurrent brain oscillation alterations in resting condition across varying level of depression severity. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the characteristics of altered resting-state oscillations, including power spectrum and functional connectivity, and their association with the cognitive impairments in LLD with different depression severity.

Disrupted functional connectivity of the habenula links psychomotor retardation and deficit of verbal fluency and working memory in late-life depression.

Background: Functional abnormalities of the habenula in patients with depression have been demonstrated in an increasing number of studies, and the habenula is involved in cognitive processing. However, whether patients with late-life depression (LLD) exhibit disrupted habenular functional connectivity (FC) and whether habenular FC mediates the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment remain unclear.

Methods: Overall, 127 patients with LLD and 75 healthy controls were recruited.

Relationships Among Short Self-Reported Sleep Duration, Cognitive Impairment, and Insular Functional Connectivity in Late-Life Depression.

Background: Both late-life depression (LLD) and short sleep duration increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Increased insular resting-state functional connectivity (FC) has been reported in individuals with short sleep duration and dementia.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether short sleep duration is associated with impaired cognition and higher insular FC in patients with LLD.

Physical condition and activity of daily living among aging inpatients with mental disorders in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The number of elderly with mental disorders is increasing, but few studies have been concerned with the physical condition and activities of daily living (ADL) of these patients. This study aims to describe the physical condition and ADL of patients with mental illnesses (PMI) from different age groups, which provides evidence to improve mental health services for PMI.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, the samples were divided into three groups of less than 60 years old (group 1), 60-74 years old (group 2), and over 75 years old (group 3) for comparison.

Babao Dan Alleviates Cancer Cachexia in Mice Via Inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Background: Cancer cachexia is a common but severe condition that causes muscle wasting, body weight loss, and progressive functional impairment, affecting over 50% of cancer patients. Currently, there are no effective treatments that can alleviate cachexia, and hence the discovery of new therapeutics that can effectively prevent or even reverse cancer cachexia is crucial. Babao Dan (BBD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula that has been used clinically in combating various cancers, however, its therapeutic potential in alleviating cancer cachexia remains unexplored.

Liensinine prevents ischemic injury following myocardial infarction via inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling activation.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, triggering widespread and irreversible damage to the heart. Currently, there are no drugs that can reverse ischemic damage to the myocardium and hence, finding novel therapeutic agents that can limit the extent of myocardial damage following MI is crucial. Liensinine (LSN) is a naturally derived bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is known to exhibit numerous antioxidative and cardiovascular beneficial effects.