Trends in prevalence and multimorbidity of metabolic, cardiovascular, and chronic kidney diseases among US adults with depression from 2005 to 2020.

Background: Comorbid depression and cardiometabolic diseases are prevalent and increase risk of mortality. However, trends in the prevalence and multimorbidity of cardiometabolic diseases in depression are unclear.

Methods: Data of adults aged ≥20 years with depression from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2020 were analyzed.

Associations of temporal patterns of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with mortality in the general population and people with abnormal glucose metabolism or hypertension.

To investigate the association between temporal patterns of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population and people with abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) or hypertension. This prospective cohort study collected accelerometer data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2006 with linkage to the National Death Index records through 31 December 2019 in the United States. Baseline 7-day accelerometry data were analysed and participants were categorized into 5 groups: morning/midday (05:00-13:59), afternoon (14:00-16:59), evening (17:00-19:59), night (20:00-00:59), and mixed MVPA timing groups.

Serum metabolomic profiling of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Rotterdam Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate serum metabolomic biomarkers associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate their performance in improving T2DM risk prediction.

Methods: Untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics analyses were conducted in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n=3460; discovery cohort) and Rotterdam Study (RS; n=1556; replication cohort). Multivariable cause-specific hazards models were used to analyze the associations between 23,571 serum metabolomic spectral variables and incident T2DM.

Global Disease Burden Attributable to High Body Mass Index in Young Adults From 1990 to 2019, With Projections to 2050: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Aims: The global historical and projected health impacts of the escalating burden of obesity on young adults, who are particularly susceptible to weight gain during transitional life stages, remain insufficiently understood.

Materials And Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we analysed the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and deaths attributable to high body mass index (BMI) among young adults aged 20-44 years globally and by age, sex, year, location and disease between 1990 and 2019. Future projections until 2050 were further assessed.

Inhibition of diastatic yeasts by killer toxins to prevent hyperattenuation during brewing.

Secondary fermentation in beer can result in undesirable consequences, such as off-flavors, increased alcohol content, hyperattenuation, gushing, and the spontaneous explosion of packaging. Strains of are a major contributor to such spoilage due to their production of extracellular glucoamylase enzyme encoded by the gene. yeasts can naturally produce antifungal proteins named "killer" toxins that inhibit the growth of competing yeasts.

Comparison of race- and ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for categorizing obesity severity: a multicountry prospective cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare race- and ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for the three classes of obesity based on equivalent risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Participants without T2D were included from the UK Biobank, the China Health and Nutrition Survey, and the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Poisson regressions with restricted cubic splines were applied to determine BMI cutoffs for each non-White race and ethnicity for equivalent incidence rates of T2D at BMI values of 30.

Associations of glycemic measures in the normal range with all-cause mortality in the absence of traditional risk factors.

Context: The investigation of the association between blood glucose within normal range and all-cause mortality among individuals without traditional risk factors is limited.

Objective: To determine the associations of 3 glycemic measures (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and 2-h glucose) in the normal range with all-cause mortality among individuals without traditional risk factors.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Lifestyle modifies the associations of early-life smoking behaviors and genetic susceptibility with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study involving 433,872 individuals from UK Biobank.

Background: To investigate whether and what lifestyle factors in later life modify the associations of early-life smoking behaviors and genetic susceptibility with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: In the UK Biobank, in utero tobacco exposure (n = 354,493) and age of smoking initiation (n = 353,557) were self-reported. A composite lifestyle score was calculated based on diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep duration, and BMI.

Arg24 and 26 of the D2 protein are important for photosystem II assembly and plastoquinol exchange in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Photosystem II (PS II) assembly is a stepwise process involving preassembly complexes or modules focused around four core PS II proteins. The current model of PS II assembly in cyanobacteria is derived from studies involving the deletion of one or more of these core subunits. Such deletions may destabilize other PS II assembly intermediates, making constructing a clear picture of the intermediate events difficult.

Associations of Dietary Cholesterol Consumption With Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Genetic Variability in Cholesterol Absorption and Disease Predisposition.

Objective: Whether genetic susceptibility to disease and dietary cholesterol (DC) absorption contribute to inconsistent associations of DC consumption with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.

Research Design And Methods: DC consumption was assessed by repeated 24-h dietary recalls in the UK Biobank. A polygenetic risk score (PRS) for DC absorption was constructed using genetic variants in the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 and ATP Binding Cassettes G5 and G8 genes.

LiverRisk score: An accurate, cost-effective tool to predict fibrosis, liver-related, and diabetes-related mortality in the general population.

Background: Noninvasive and early assessment of liver fibrosis is of great significance and is challenging. We aimed to evaluate the predictive performance and cost-effectiveness of the LiverRisk score for liver fibrosis and liver-related and diabetes-related mortality in the general population.

Methods: The general population from the NHANES 2017-March 2020, NHANES 1999-2018, and UK Biobank 2006-2010 were included in the cross-sectional cohort (n = 3,770), along with the NHANES follow-up cohort (n = 25,317) and the UK Biobank follow-up cohort (n = 17,259).

Severity of abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in US adults.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) among adults with abdominal obesity and to evaluate the necessity of differentiating severity of abdominal obesity.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study and prospective cohort study.

Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data between 2011 and 2020 were included for cross-sectional analyses.

Association of shift work with oxidative stress and alteration of fasting plasma glucose level in Chinese adults.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association of shift work with blood glucose and the mediating role of oxidative stress.

Methods: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and urinary concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F [8-isoPGF ]) were measured among 831 participants.

Results: Positive dose-response relationships among shift work duration,  FPG (p  < 0.

Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Diseases by Race and Ethnicity and Social Risk Factors Among US Young Adults, 2011 to 2018.

Background Cardiometabolic health has been worsening among young adults, but the prevalence of lifestyle risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases is unclear. Methods and Results Adults aged 18 to 44 years were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2018. Age-standardized prevalence of lifestyle risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases was estimated overall and by demographic and social risk factors.

Achievement of Guideline-Recommended Targets in Diabetes Care in China : A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Nationwide achievement of guideline-recommended diabetes care targets has not been comprehensively assessed in China.

Objective: To estimate the proportions of adults with diabetes achieving major clinical risk factor control, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, and dietary targets specified in the Chinese diabetes guidelines.

Design: Nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Policy makers, genetic engineers, and an engaged public can work together to create climate-resilient plants.

As climate change affects weather patterns and soil health, agricultural productivity could decrease substantially. Synthetic biology can be used to enhance climate resilience in plants and create the next generation of crops, if the public will accept it.