Mass loading, removal and emission of 27 quaternary ammonium compounds, including metabolites of benzalkonium, in a wastewater treatment plant in New York state, USA.

Benzylalkyldimethylammonium (BACs), dialkyldimethylammonium (DDACs), and alkyltrimethylammonium compounds (ATMACs) are quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) widely used in industrial and consumer products. Nevertheless, little is known about their fates in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). We detected 7 BACs, 6 DDACs, 6 ATMACs, and 8 hydroxy- and carboxyl- metabolites of BACs (BACm) in wastewater collected from a WWTP in New York State.

Widespread occurrence of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in indoor dust from urban homes across the United States and its contribution to human exposure.

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide, with concerns over human exposure and potential health risks. Nevertheless, little is known about the sources of human exposure to glyphosate and its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). In this study, we measured glyphosate and AMPA in 99 indoor dust samples collected from urban homes in sixteen states in the USA.

Urinary and Fecal Excretion of 121 Environmental Chemicals in Pet Dogs and Cats: Significance of Feces in Biomonitoring of Exposures.

Laboratory animal studies have reported the biliary excretion of chemicals following exposure. Nevertheless, feces are rarely used as a matrix in biomonitoring of chemical exposures. In this study, feces and urine from pet dogs and cats were analyzed for the presence of 45 plasticizers, 45 environmental phenols, and 31 pesticides.

Organic Pollutant Exposure and CKD: A Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Pilot Study.

Rationale & Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of exposure to organic pollutants in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.

Setting And Participants: Forty adults enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC).

An exposure assessment of 27 quaternary ammonium compounds in pet dogs and cats from New York State, USA.

Benzylalkyldimethylammonium (BACs), dialkyldimethylammonium (DDACs), and alkyltrimethylammonium compounds (ATMACs) are quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) used widely as biocides, disinfectants, and sanitizers. Owing to their toxicity, human exposure to this class of chemicals is a concern. Pet animals are sentinels of human exposure to several indoor environmental chemicals.

Concentrations of 45 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American River Otters () from West Virginia, USA.

North American river otters () are top predators in riverine ecosystems and are vulnerable to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure. Little is known about the magnitude of exposure and tissue distribution of PFAS in river otters. We measured 45 PFAS in various tissues of 42 river otters collected from several watersheds in the state of West Virginia, USA.

Determination of 1,3-Diphenylguanidine, 1,3-Di--tolylguanidine, and 1,2,3-Triphenylguanidine in Human Urine Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG), 1,3-di--tolylguanidine (DTG), and 1,2,3-triphenylguanidine (TPG) are rubber additives widely present in the indoor environment. Nevertheless, little is known about their human exposure. We developed a method for the quantification of DPG, DTG, and TPG in human urine, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

1,3-Diphenylguanidine, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, and their derivatives in soils collected from northeastern United States.

1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG), benzothiazole (BTH), benzotriazole (BTR), and their derivatives are high-production-volume chemicals widely used in tires, corrosion inhibitors and plastic products. Vehicular traffic is an important source of these chemicals in the environment. Despite this, little is known about the occurrence of these chemicals in roadside soils.

Occurrence of 1,3-Diphenylguanidine, 1,3-Di--tolylguanidine, and 1,2,3-Triphenylguanidine in Indoor Dust from 11 Countries: Implications for Human Exposure.

1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG), 1,3-di--tolylguanidine (DTG), and 1,2,3-triphenylguanidine (TPG) are synthetic chemicals widely used in rubber and other polymers. Nevertheless, limited information is available on their occurrence in indoor dust. We measured these chemicals in 332 dust samples collected from 11 countries.

LC-MS/MS methods for the determination of 30 quaternary ammonium compounds including benzalkonium and paraquat in human serum and urine.

Benzalkyldimethylammonium (or benzalkonium; BACs), alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMACs), and dialkyldimethylammonium compounds (DDACs) have been widely used for over six decades as disinfectants, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we describe methods for the determination of 7 BACs, 6 ATMACs, 6 DDACs, 8 BAC metabolites, and the structurally similar quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) herbicides diquat, paraquat, and difenzoquat in human serum and urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The methods were optimized using isotopically labelled internal standards and solid-phase extraction with weak cation-exchange cartridges.

Determination of 19 Steroid Hormones in Human Serum and Urine Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

This paper describes a methodology for simultaneous determination of 19 steroid hormones, viz. estrone, estradiol, estriol, testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, androstenediol, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, pregnenolone, 17α-OH-progesterone, 17α-OH-pregnenolone, cortisone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, aldosterone, and corticosterone, in 500-µL of urine or serum/plasma. The method was optimized using isotopically labeled internal standards and liquid-liquid extraction followed by detection using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

An assessment of exposure to several classes of pesticides in pet dogs and cats from New York, United States.

Exposure of pet dogs and cats to pesticides used in and around homes (e.g., lawns and gardens) is a significant health concern.

Comprehensive Survey of 14 Benzophenone UV Filters in Sunscreen Products Marketed in the United States: Implications for Human Exposure.

Benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet (UV) filters are estrogenic chemicals used extensively in sunscreen products, leading to concerns over human exposure. To assess exposure to BP derivatives in sunscreens, we tested 14 BP UV filters in 50 products representing 44 brands marketed in the United States in 2021, finding BP, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3 or oxybenzone), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-8), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone (BP-10), 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (2,3,4-OH-BP), and 4-methylbenzophenone (4-Me-BP) in ≥70% of the samples. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of the sum of these BPs (∑BPs) in the 50 products was 6600 ng/g.

A Method for the Analysis of Glyphosate, Aminomethylphosphonic Acid, and Glufosinate in Human Urine Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The extensive use of herbicides, such as glyphosate and glufosinate, in crop production during recent decades has raised concerns about human exposure. Nevertheless, analysis of trace levels of these herbicides in human biospecimens has been challenging. Here, we describe a method for the determination of urinary glyphosate, its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS).

[Scrotal midline raphe flaps for surgical repair of hypospadias with penile skin defects].

Objective: To investigate the effect of the application of scrotal midline raphe flaps in surgical repair of hypospadias with penile skin defects.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 20 cases of hypospadias with penile skin defects from January 2017 to July 2019. The patients ranged in age from 3 to 12 (mean 6.

Determination of 3-iodothyronamine (3-TAM) in mouse liver using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

3-iodothyronamine (3-TAM) has been suggested as a novel chemical messenger and potent trace amine-associated receptor 1 ligand in the CNS that occurs naturally as endogenous metabolite of the thyroid hormones. Discrepancies and variations in 3-TAM plasma and tissue concentrations have nonetheless caused controversy regarding the existence and biological role of 3-TAM. These discussions are at least partially based on potential analytical artefacts caused by differential decay kinetics of 3-TAM and the widely used deuterated quantification standard D-TAM.

Placental distribution of endogenous and exogenous substances: A pilot study utilizing cryo-sampled specimen off delivery room.

Introduction: Reliability in the use of placentome (including placenta, umbilical cord, and cord blood) biomarkers requires an understanding of their distributions. Here we aim to develop a simple and proper placenta sampling scheme, and to evaluate the placental distributions of biomarkers.

Methods: We developed a continuous cooling chain protocol off delivery room and cryo-subsampling method for placenta sampling.

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Breast Milk and Associations with Maternal Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis.

Epidemiological studies have indicated the thyroid-disrupting effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, the association of low-exposure POPs with thyroid hormones (THs) remains unclear. Here, we aim to assess the association of low exposure of POPs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated dibenzo--dioxins and furans, with THs [total -thyroxine (TT), total 3,3',5-triiodo--thyronine (TT), and total 3,3',5'-triiodo--thyronine (TrT)] measured in human breast milk.

Association of In Utero Persistent Organic Pollutant Exposure With Placental Thyroid Hormones.

In utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can result in thyroid function disorder, leading to concerns about their impact on fetal and neonatal development. The associations between placental levels of various POPs and thyroid hormones (THs) were investigated. In a prospective Danish study initially established for assessing congenital cryptorchidism, 58 placenta samples were collected from mothers of boys born with (n = 28) and without (n = 30) cryptorchidism.

Determination of thyroid hormones in placenta using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

The transplacental passage of thyroid hormones (THs) is of great significance since the maternal THs are vitally important in ensuring the normal fetal development. In this paper, we determined the concentrations of seven THs, viz. L-thyroxine (T), 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T), 3,3',5'-triiodo-l-thyronine (rT), 3,3'-diiodo-l-thyronine (T), 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine (rT), 3-iodo-l-thyronine (T) and 3-iodothyronamine (TAM), in placenta using isotope dilution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Recombinant human erythropoietin improves functional recovery in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A randomized, double blind and controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To investigate the short-term effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) on patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-nine patients with severe traumatic brain injury were randomly divided into EPO (n=79) and control group (n=80). EPO group was treated with subcutaneous injection of EPO (100 units/kg) on day 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 following the brain injury.

Biotransformation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol by recombinant human cytochrome P450s, human liver microsomes and human liver cytosol.

Biotransformation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH) can form potentially more toxic metabolites. However, the responsible cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform(s) and phase II metabolism have not been studied in humans. Here, we characterized the in vitro metabolism of 8:2 FTOH by recombinant human CYPs, human liver microsomes, and human liver cytosol.

Vegetable intake, but not fruit intake, is associated with a reduction in the risk of cancer incidence and mortality in middle-aged Korean men.

Background: Few prospective studies have examined the preventive role of fruit and vegetable intakes against cancer in Asian populations.

Objective: This prospective study evaluated the associations between total fruit intake, total vegetable intake, and total fruit and vegetable intake and total cancer incidence and mortality.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 14,198 men 40-59 y of age enrolled in the Seoul Male Cohort Study from 1991 to 1993.

Cardiovascular health metrics and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among middle-aged men in Korea: the Seoul male cohort study.

Objectives: This study estimated the association of cardiovascular health behaviors with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in middle-aged men in Korea.

Methods: In total, 12 538 men aged 40 to 59 years were enrolled in 1993 and followed up through 2011. Cardiovascular health metrics defined the following lifestyle behaviors proposed by the American Heart Association: smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet habit score, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose.