Energy Efficiency Limit in CO-to-Ethylene Electroreduction and Method to Advance Towards.

The electrified synthesis of high-demand feedstocks (C2H4) from CO and H2O through a CO electroreduction (COR) protocol is attractive for large-scale applications; however, a high reaction potential and modest Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) limit its practical energy efficiency (EE). In this study, a quantitative reaction-transport model was constructed to analyze the root causes of low performance in COR, which revealed that the low volumetric exchange current density and limited intermediate surface reaction as key factors constraining the CO-to-C2+ and CO-to-C2H4 conversion energetics and selectivities. Consequently, a robust, high active-site density electrode featuring nanometer-scale interspacing between the active, Nafion™-wrapped Cu+-Cu nanosheet catalysts was designed.

Unsupervised feature selection algorithm based on L 2,p-norm feature reconstruction.

Traditional subspace feature selection methods typically rely on a fixed distance to compute residuals between the original and feature reconstruction spaces. However, this approach struggles to adapt to diverse datasets and often fails to handle noise and outliers effectively. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised feature selection method named unsupervised feature selection algorithm based on [Formula: see text]-norm feature reconstruction (NFRFS).

Accelerating Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction through Synergistic CO and H Activation on Ru-Fe-(V-in-CeO) Ternary Catalytic Centers.

The reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction shows promise for converting CO emissions to chemical feedstocks using renewable H. However, achieving high selectivity and activity at low temperatures remains challenging due to the thermodynamically more favorable CO methanation reaction. Here we develop a robust RuCeFeO solid-solution nanorod catalyst featuring a ternary Fe-Ru-oxygen vacancy (V) center, overcoming limitations in intermediate adsorption and dissociation on single-component catalysts.

Accelerated photonic design of coolhouse film for photosynthesis via machine learning.

Controlling the suitable light, temperature, and water is essential for plant photosynthesis. While greenhouses/warm-houses are effective in cold or dry climates by creating warm, humid environments, a cool-house that provides a cool local environment with minimal energy and water consumption is highly desirable but has yet to be realized in hot, water-scarce regions. Here, using a synergistic genetic algorithm and machine learning, we propose and demonstrate a coolhouse film that regulates temperature and water for photosynthesis without requiring additional energy or water.

Levodopa therapy affects brain functional network dynamics in Parkinson's disease.

Levodopa (L-dopa) therapy is the most effective pharmacological treatment for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its effect on brain functional network dynamics is still unclear. Here, we recruited 26 PD patients and 24 healthy controls, and acquired their resting-state functional MRI data before (PD-OFF) and after (PD-ON) receiving 400 mg L-dopa.

Visualizing Catalytic Dynamics of Single-Cu-Atom-Modified SnS in CO Electroreduction via Rapid Freeze-Quench Mössbauer Spectroscopy.

Effective design and engineering of catalysts for an optimal performance depend extensively on a profound understanding of the intricate catalytic dynamics under reaction conditions. In this work, we showcase rapid freeze-quench (RFQ) Mössbauer spectroscopy as a powerful technique for quantitatively monitoring the catalytic dynamics of single-Cu-atom-modified SnS (Cu/SnS) in the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR). Utilizing the newly established RFQ Sn Mössbauer methodology, we clearly identified the dynamic transformation of Cu/SnS to Cu/SnS and Cu/Sn during the CORR, resulting in an outstanding Faradaic efficiency for formate production (∼90.

Polyphyllin II Induces Apoptosis in Fibrosarcoma Cells via Activating Pyruvate Kinase M2.

Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells that is essential for sustaining their phenotype of fast multiplication by continuously supplying energy and mass. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has a vital role in this process, which has given it high interest as a target for anticancer drug development. With potent toxicity to many types of cancer cells, polyphyllin II (), a steroidal saponin isolated from the herbaceous plant , brought to our attention that it might interfere with the PKM2 activity.

Sustainable Electrosynthesis of -Dimethylformamide Relay Catalysis on Synergistic Active Sites.

Electrified synthesis of high-value organonitrogen chemicals from low-cost carbon- and nitrogen-based feedstocks offers an economically and environmentally appealing alternative to traditional thermocatalytic methods. However, the intricate electrochemical reactions at electrode surfaces pose significant challenges in controlling selectivity and activity, especially for producing complex substances such as -dimethylformamide (DMF). Herein, we tackle this challenge by developing relay catalysis for efficient DMF production using a composite WO-NiOOH/Ni catalyst with two distinctive active sites.

Antithrombotic pharmacodynamics and metabolomics study in raw and processed products of Whitman.

Objective: As a traditional Chinese medicine, leech has obvious pharmacological activities in anticoagulantion and antithrombosis. Whitman (WP) is the most commonly used leech in the Chinese market. It is often used in clinical applications after high-temperature processing by talcum powder to remove the fishy taste and facilitate crushing.

Coverage enhancement accelerates acidic CO electrolysis at ampere-level current with high energy and carbon efficiencies.

Acidic CO electroreduction (COR) using renewable electricity holds promise for high-efficiency generation of storable liquid chemicals with up to 100% CO utilization. However, the strong parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) limits its selectivity and energy efficiency (EE), especially at ampere-level current densities. Here we present that enhancing COR intermediate coverage on catalysts promotes COR and concurrently suppresses HER.

Synthesis of polyoxometalate-pillared Zn-Cr layered double hydroxides for photocatalytic CO reduction and HO oxidation.

Polyoxometalate (POM)-pillared Zn-Cr layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibited high photocatalytic activities in CO reduction and HO oxidation reactions. For CO reduction in pure water, the CO production was 1.17 μmol g after a 24 h reaction.

A novel electrochemical sensing method based on an amino-functionalized MXene for the rapid and selective detection of Hg.

Mercury is a highly toxic element that is widely present in all types of environmental media and can accumulate in living organisms. Prolonged exposure to high levels of mercury can lead to brain damage and death, so the detection of mercury is of great importance. In this study, a cost-effective and easy-to-operate electrochemical sensing method was successfully developed based on an amino-functionalized titanium-based MXene (NH-TiCT) for the rapid and selective detection of Hg that could have a coordination effect with the -NH group of NH-TiCT to promote the efficient accumulation of Hg.

Stratified management based on surface antibody for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in lymphoma patients.

This study aimed to investigate a stratified approach based on hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antibody (anti-HBs) for managing HBV reactivation (HBVr) in lymphoma patients with serological protection against HBV. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 209 lymphoma patients with a baseline anti-HBs titre of ≥10 iu/L, who were either positive or negative for HBV core antibody (anti-HBc). The results revealed that 15.

Imaging of Carbonic Anhydrase Level in Epilepsy with an Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probe.

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) participate in various physiological and pathological activities by catalyzing the interconversion between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions. Under normal circumstances, they guarantee that the relevant biological reactions in our body occur within an appropriate time scale. Abnormal expression or activity alteration of CAs is closely related to the pathogenesis of diverse diseases.

Irrelevant information enhances a sense of knowledge and curses our understanding of other minds.

This study shows that exposure to topic-related but irrelevant information enhances both estimates of peer knowledge and our own sense of knowledge. In Experiment 1, participants were more confident in their answers to general knowledge questions and gave higher estimates of peer knowledge when such questions were accompanied by short paragraphs containing topic-related yet nondiagnostic information than when they were not. The inflated peer knowledge estimates were independent of the classic curse of knowledge.

Synthesis and evaluation of Piperine analogs as thioredoxin reductase inhibitors to cause oxidative stress-induced cancer cell apoptosis.

Inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) to disrupt the redox equilibrium and induce tumor cell apoptosis is a significant tumor therapeutic strategy. Piperine, a natural product from black pepper, has been demonstrated to suppress tumor cell proliferation by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS), subsequently leading to cell death. However, the development of Piperine as an active molecule is hampered by its weak cytotoxicity.

Hemin as a General Static Dark Quencher for Constructing Heme Oxygenase-1 Fluorescent Probes.

The development of small-molecule probes suitable for live-cell applications remains challenging yet highly desirable. We report the first fluorescent probe, RBH, for imaging the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity in live cells after discovering hemin as a universal dark quencher. Hemin works via a static quenching mechanism and shows high quenching efficiency (>97 %) with fluorophores across a broad spectrum (λ =400-700 nm).

Disrupted resting-state brain functional network properties in non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Introduction: Previous fMRI studies revealed that the abnormal functional connectivity (FC) was related to cognitive impairment in patients with SLE. However, it remains unclear how the disease severity affects the functional topological organization of the whole-brain network in SLE patients without neuropsychiatric symptoms (non-NPSLE).

Objective: We aim to examine the impairment of the whole-brain functional network in SLE patients without neuropsychiatric symptoms (non-NPSLE), which may improve the understanding of neural mechanism in SLE.

Accelerating electrochemical CO reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces.

Electrochemical CO reduction (COR) to ethylene and ethanol enables the long-term storage of renewable electricity in valuable multi-carbon (C) chemicals. However, carbon-carbon (C-C) coupling, the rate-determining step in COR to C conversion, has low efficiency and poor stability, especially in acid conditions. Here we find that, through alloying strategies, neighbouring binary sites enable asymmetric CO binding energies to promote CO-to-C electroreduction beyond the scaling-relation-determined activity limits on single-metal surfaces.

Puromycin Prodrug Activation by Thioredoxin Reductase Overcomes Its Promiscuous Cytotoxicity.

Overexpression of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been documented in malignant tissues and is of pathological significance for many types of tumors. The antibiotic puromycin (Puro) is a protein synthesis inhibitor causing premature polypeptide chain termination during translation. The well-defined action mechanism of Puro makes it a useful tool in biomedical studies.

Achieving High Single-Pass Carbon Conversion Efficiencies in Durable CO Electroreduction in Strong Acids via Electrode Structure Engineering.

Acidic CO reduction (CO R) holds promise for the synthesis of low-carbon-footprint chemicals using renewable electricity. However, the corrosion of catalysts in strong acids causes severe hydrogen evolution and rapid deterioration of CO R performance. Here, by coating catalysts with an electrically nonconductive nanoporous SiC-Nafion layer, a near-neutral pH was stabilized on catalyst surfaces, thereby protecting the catalysts against corrosion for durable CO R in strong acids.

Scalable synthesis of BiVO thin films via anodic plating and thermal calcination.

Fabrication of high-quality semiconductor thin films has long been a subject of keen interest in the photocatalytic field. Here, we report a facile, solution-based anodic plating and calcination for large-scale synthesis of BiVO thin films on indium tin oxide coated glass for use as photoanodes in solar water splitting. Using NaSO as a sacrificial reagent, continuous solar H production with 94% Faradaic efficiency was obtained over 6 h of photoelectrochemical water splitting.

Elevational Pattern of Leaf Mine Diversity on Blume at Baotianman, Henan, China.

The species composition and diversity pattern of leaf miners on dominant trees in China are poorly understood. Using Hill-based diversity metrics, the elevational patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity for leaf miners on Blume at Baotianman were systematically analyzed. Leaf mine types belonged to ten genera and seven families.

Synthesis and discovery of Baylis-Hillman adducts as potent and selective thioredoxin reductase inhibitors for cancer treatment.

The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is of paramount importance in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, and aberrant upregulation of TrxR is frequently observed in various cancers due to their elevated oxidative stress in cells. Thus, it seems promising and feasible to target the ablation of intracellular TrxR for the treatment of cancers. We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of Baylis-Hillman adducts, and identified a typical adduct that possesses the superior cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells over other types of cancer cells.