Preparation and Evaluation of a Combination of Chelating Agents for the Removal of Inhaled Uranium.

Inhalation of aerosolized uranium is recognized as a principal mode of exposure, posing significant risks of damage to the lungs, kidneys, and other vital organs. To enhance nuclide elimination from the body, chelating agents are employed; however, single-component chelators often exhibit limited spectral activity and low effectiveness, resulting in toxicologically relevant concentrations. We have developed a composite chelating agent composed of 3,4,3-Li(1,2-HOPO), DFP, and HEDP in optimized ratios, demonstrating marked improvements in eliminating inhaled uranium.

Repurposing existing drugs for the treatment ofCOVID-19/SARS-CoV-2: A review of pharmacological effects and mechanism of action.

Following the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an ongoing need to seek drugs that target COVID-19. First off, novel drugs have a long development cycle, high investment cost, and are high risk. Second, novel drugs must be evaluated for activity, efficacy, safety, and metabolic performance, contributing to the development cycle, investment cost, and risk.

Icaritin exhibits potential drug-drug interactions through the inhibition of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in vitro.

Icaritin is a prenylflavonoid derivative of the genus Epimedium (Berberidaceae) and has a variety of pharmacological actions. Icaritin is approved by the National Medical Products Administration as an anticancer drug that exhibits efficacy and safety advantages in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of icaritin on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms.

Development of bovine serum albumin-modified FeO embedded in porous α-ketoglutaric acid/chitosan (BSA/FeO@KA/CS): A magnetically targeted hemostatic dressing for deep and irregular wounds.

Severe bleeding from deep and irregular wounds poses a significant challenge in prehospital and surgical settings. To address this issue, we developed a novel chitosan-based hemostatic dressing with a magnetic targeting mechanism using FeO, termed bovine serum albumin-modified FeO embedded in porous α-ketoglutaric acid/chitosan (BSA/FeO@KA/CS). This dressing enhances hemostasis by magnetically guiding the agent to the wound site.

Effect of different drying methods on the structure and properties of porous starch.

In order to investigate the effects of different drying methods on the properties of porous starch. The present study used four drying methods, namely hot air drying (HD), spray drying (SPD), vacuum freeze drying (FD) and supercritical carbon dioxide drying (SCD) to prepare maize and kudzu porous starch. Findings indicated that the physicochemical properties (e.

Highly Efficient Hemostatic Cross-Linked Polyacrylate Polymer Dressings for Immediate Hemostasis.

A traumatic hemorrhage is fatal due to the great loss of blood in a short period of time; however, there are a few biomaterials that can stop the bleeding quickly due to the limited water absorption speed. Here, a highly absorbent polymer (HPA), polyacrylate, was prepared as it has the best structure-effectiveness relationship. Within a very short period of time (2 min), HPA continually absorbed water until it swelled up to its 600 times its weight; more importantly, the porous structure comprised the swollen dressing.

Rosamultin ameliorates radiation injury via promoting DNA injury repair and suppressing oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.

Radiotherapy remains the preferred treatment option for cancer patients with the advantages of broad indications and significant therapeutic effects. However, ionizing radiation can also damage normal tissues. Unfortunately, there are few anti-radiation damage drugs available on the market for radiotherapy patients.

A novel method to quantify chitosan in aqueous solutions by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

In this study, a novel and accurate quantitative analysis method for the direct determination of chitosan (CS) in aqueous solutions using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is presented. By detecting the mass spectrum response intensity of a series of CS characteristic ion pairs, the sample concentration (abscissa) was linearly fitted with the total ion current (TIC) response intensity of its characteristic ion pairs (ordinate). A reliable standard curve was derived for quantifying CS in the range of 125-4000 ng/mL.

Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of LR004, a Novel Antiepidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody.

LR004 is a novel chimeric (human/mouse) monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma with detectable epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. We aimed to investigate the preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and in vivo biodistribution of LR004. The PK profiles of LR004 were initially established in rhesus monkeys.

Immune-Related Molecules and : Novel Biomarkers Associated with Sepsis.

Sepsis ranks among the most common health problems worldwide, characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from infection. Excessive inflammatory responses, cytokine storms, and immune-induced microthrombosis are pivotal factors influencing the progression of sepsis. Our objective was to identify novel immune-related hub genes for sepsis through bioinformatic analysis, subsequently validating their specificity and potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in an animal experiment involving a sepsis mice model.

Glycosaminoglycans: Participants in Microvascular Coagulation of Sepsis.

Sepsis represents a syndromic response to infection and frequently acts as a common pathway leading to fatality in the context of various infectious diseases globally. The pathology of severe sepsis is marked by an excess of inflammation and activated coagulation. A substantial contributor to mortality in sepsis patients is widespread microvascular thrombosis-induced organ dysfunction.

Local Clays from China as Alternative Hemostatic Agents.

In recent years, the coagulation properties of inorganic minerals such as kaolin and zeolite have been demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the hemostatic properties of three local clays from China: natural kaolin from Hainan, natural halloysite from Yunnan, and zeolite synthesized by our group. The physical and chemical properties, blood coagulation performance, and cell biocompatibility of the three materials were tested.

Effects of Radiation-Induced Skin Injury on Hyaluronan Degradation and Its Underlying Mechanisms.

Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) is a frequent and severe complication with a complex pathogenesis that often occurs during radiation therapy, nuclear incidents, and nuclear war, for which there is no effective treatment. Hyaluronan (HA) plays an overwhelming role in the skin, and it has been shown that UVB irradiation induces increased HA expression. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study regarding the biological correlation between RISI and HA degradation and its underlying mechanisms.

Pharmacological Effects of Astragaloside IV: A Review.

Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active components extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Astragali and serves as a marker for assessing the herb's quality. AS-IV is a tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin in the form of lanolin ester alcohol and exhibits various biological activities. This review article summarizes the chemical structure of AS-IV, its pharmacological effects, mechanism of action, applications, future prospects, potential weaknesses, and other unexplored biological activities, aiming at an overall analysis.

Blocking TRAIL-DR5 signaling pathway with soluble death receptor 5 fusion protein mitigates radiation-induced injury.

The increasing application of nuclear technology, the high fatality of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and its complex mechanism make ARS a global difficulty that requires urgent attention. Here we reported that the death receptor 5 (DR5), as well as its ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), were both significantly upregulated after irradiation in mice with 6 Gy γ-ray single radiation. And by intravenously administrated with soluble DR5 fusion protein (sDR5-Fc), the competitive antagonist of DR5, the excessive apoptosis in the radiation-sensitive tissues such as spleen and thymus were significantly inhibited and the radiation-induced damage of spleen and thymus were mitigated, while the expression of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins such as Bcl-2 was also significantly upregulated.

Combined Silver Sulfadiazine Nanosuspension with Thermosensitive Hydrogel: An Effective Antibacterial Treatment for Wound Healing in an Animal Model.

Introduction: Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is widely used in burn wound treatment due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. However, its application in wound healing is greatly hindered by the low solubility of AgSD particles and their cellular cytotoxicity. Herein, we studied the safety and in vivo efficacy of nano-sized silver sulfadiazine loaded in poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel (NS/Gel).

Effects of radon exposure on gut microbiota and its metabolites short-chain fatty acids in mice.

Radon (Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive gas. Forty percent of the natural radiation to which the human body is exposed comes from radon gas. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of radon induces systemic damage.

A novel sodium polyacrylate-based stasis dressing to treat lethal hemorrhage in a penetrating trauma swine model.

Background: Control of massive hemorrhage from penetrating wound sites is difficult in both combat and civilian settings. A new hemostatic dressing, sodium polyacrylate (PAAs)-based bag (PB), based on PAAs is designed for the first aid of massive penetrating hemorrhage. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of PB in a penetrating trauma model in swine.

Cepharanthine Ameliorates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway, Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition and Inflammation.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is one of the sequelae of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and currently, lung transplantation is the only viable treatment option. Hence, other effective treatments are urgently required. We investigated the therapeutic effects of an approved botanical drug, cepharanthine (CEP), in a cell culture model of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat models both in vitro and in vivo.

The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of A Novel Recombinant Activated Human Factor VII, GEN-0828, in Hemophilia B Mice.

GEN-0828, a proposed clinical candidate for hemophilia and trauma hemorrhage treatment, is a novel recombinant activated human factor VII (rFVIIa). The purpose of this paper is to compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GEN-0828 in hemophilia B mice with those of NovoSeven®, the only marketed rFVIIa product worldwide., GEN-0828 and NovoSeven® showed similar affinity bioactivity to recombinant tissue factor (rTF) in vitro.

Evaluation of the metabolism of PEP06, an endostatin-RGDRGD 30-amino-acid polypeptide and a promising novel drug for targeting tumor cells.

PEP06 is a novel endostatin-Arg-Gly-Asp-Arg-Gly-Asp (RGDRGD) 30-amino-acid polypeptide featuring a terminally fused RGDRGD hexapeptide at the N terminus. The active endostatin fragment of PEP06 directly targets tumor cells and exerts an antitumoral effect. However, little is known about the kinetics and degradation products of PEP06 in vitro or in vivo.

Accurate Determination of the Degree of Deacetylation of Chitosan Using UPLC-MS/MS.

The mole fraction of deacetylated monomeric units in chitosan (CS) molecules is referred to as CS's degree of deacetylation (DD). In this study, 35 characteristic ions of CS were detected using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The relative response intensity of 35 characteristic ion pairs using a single charge in nine CS samples with varying DDs was analyzed using 30 analytical methods.

Bioavailability Enhancement of Cepharanthine via Pulmonary Administration in Rats and Its Therapeutic Potential for Pulmonary Fibrosis Associated with COVID-19 Infection.

Cepharanthine (CEP) has excellent anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties, indicating its favorable potential for COVID-19 treatment. However, its application is challenged by its poor dissolubility and oral bioavailability. The present study aimed to improve the bioavailability of CEP by optimizing its solubility and through a pulmonary delivery method, which improved its bioavailability by five times when compared to that through the oral delivery method (68.

Preparation of Chitosan/Clay Composites for Safe and Effective Hemorrhage Control.

Uncontrolled hemorrhage from trauma or surgery can lead to death. In this study, chitosan/kaolin (CSK) and chitosan/montmorillonite (CSMMT) composites were prepared from chitosan (CS), kaolin (K), and montmorillonite (MMT) as raw materials to control bleeding. The physiochemical properties and surface morphology of CSK and CSMMT composites were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potentials, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF).

Evaluation of Novel Tranexamic Acid/Montmorillonite Intercalation Composite, as a New Type of Hemostatic Material.

Radiation enteritis-clinically manifested as diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, and so on-is frequently caused when the body is exposed to radiation or radiotherapy because the intestine is radiation-sensitive as an abdominal organ. Therefore, strategies to modulate intestinal hemostasis had inspired an important research trend in the process of preventing and treating radiation enteritis. Based on the structural characteristics of montmorillonite (MMT) and the hemostatic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) which was used clinically to treat enteritis, the tranexamic acid-montmorillonite composite material (TXA-MMT) was prepared through intercalation composite technology.