Evaluation of cooling effect and road performance of warm mixed high viscosity porous asphalt mixture.

In order to study the effect of different warm mixing agents on the cooling and road performance of porous mixture bonded with High Viscosity Asphalt (HVA), the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) was proposed to conduct variable temperature compaction test on the warm mixed porous asphalt mixture. The relationship between the compaction difficulty coefficient and the temperature of the mixture was obtained by regression, and the mixing and compacting temperature and cooling effect of the warm mixed porous asphalt mixture were determined. Then, the influence of Evotherm M1 and EC120 warm mix agents on the performance of porous asphalt mixture was compared by rutting tests, beam bending tests, immersion Marshall tests, freeze-thaw splitting tests, and penetration strength tests.

A Blockchain-Based Traceability Model for Grain and Oil Food Supply Chain.

The structure of the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain has the characteristics of complexity, cross-regionality, a long cycle, and numerous participants, making it difficult to maintain the safety of supply. In recent years, some phenomena have emerged in the field of grain procurement and sale, such as topping the new with the old, rotating grains, the pressure of grades and prices, and counterfeit oil food, which have seriously threatened grain-and-oil-food security. Blockchain technology has the advantage of decentralization and non-tampering Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of traceability data in the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain, and presents a blockchain-based traceability model for the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain.

Identification of heavy metal pollutants in wheat by THz spectroscopy and deep support vector machine.

This paper proposes to detect heavy metal pollutants in wheat using terahertz spectroscopy and deep support vector machine (DSVM). Five heavy metal pollutants, arsenic, lead, mercury, chromium, and cadmium, were considered for detection in wheat samples. THz spectral data were pre-processed by wavelet denoising.

Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan Seafood Market.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, emerged in December 2019. Its origins remain uncertain. It has been reported that a number of the early human cases of coronavirus disease 2019 had a history of contact with the Huanan Seafood Market.

Bare Eye Detection of Bacterial Enzymes of with Polymer Modified Nanoporous Silicon Rugate Filters.

The fabrication, characterization and application of a nanoporous Silicon Rugate Filter (pSiRF) loaded with an enzymatically degradable polymer is reported as a bare eye detection optical sensor for enzymes of pathogenic bacteria, which is devoid of any dyes. The nanopores of pSiRF were filled with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which, upon enzymatic degradation, resulted in a change in the effective refractive index of the pSiRF film, leading to a readily discernible color change of the sensor. The shifts in the characteristic fringe patterns before and after the enzymatic reaction were analyzed quantitatively by Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS) to estimate the apparent kinetics and its dependence on enzyme concentration.

Evidence of solidification crack propagation in pulsed laser welding of aluminum alloy.

It is difficult to collect the crack propagation signal under general continuous welding condition due to other signal interference of molten pool. In order to study the effect of residual stress on crack propagation, acoustic emission technology was successfully applied to monitor welding process according to the characteristics of pulsed laser welding. Crack free welding is achieved by reducing the pulse interval to limited the crack size of single pulse welding spot.

Multiplexed detection and differentiation of bacterial enzymes and bacteria by color-encoded sensor hydrogels.

We report on the fabrication and characterization of color-encoded chitosan hydrogels for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of bacterial enzymes as well as the selective detection of a set of tested bacteria through characteristic enzyme reactions. These patterned sensor hydrogels are functionalized with three different colorimetric enzyme substrates affording the multiplexed detection and differentiation of α-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase. The limits of detection of the hydrogels for an observation time of 60 min using a conventional microplate reader correspond to concentrations of 0.

Enhanced Colorimetric Differentiation between and Using a Shape-Encoded Sensor Hydrogel.

Herein, we demonstrate a combined fluorescent probe/shape-encoded hydrogel strategy for the fast, sensitive, and selective detection of bacterial species via their characteristic enzymes. A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel loaded with the fluorescent probe ,'-(3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diyl)bis(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanamide) (ACS-HNE) was designed for the detection of elastase, an enzyme produced by . Likewise, a chitosan-derived hydrogel was loaded with the fluorescent probe 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (MUD) by entrapment for the selective detection of α-glucosidase, an enzyme produced by .

Protein Encapsulation: A Nanocarrier Approach to the Fluorescence Imaging of an Enzyme-Based Biomarker.

Here, we report a new pentafluoropropanamido rhodamine fluorescent probe (ACS-HNE) that allows for the selective detection of neutrophil elastase (NE). ACS-HNE displayed high sensitivity, with a low limit of detection (<5.3 nM), and excellent selectivity toward elastase over other relevant biological analytes and enzymes.

The biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Pro330-Leu650.

SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 that has been characterized as a pandemic by the WHO. Since the first report of COVID-19 on December 31, 2019, 179,111 cases were confirmed in 160 countries/regions with 7426 deaths as of March 17, 2020. However, there have been no vaccines approved in the world to date.

Intranasal vaccination with ebola virus GP amino acids 258-601 protects mice against lethal challenge.

Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) leads to lethal hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate as high as 90%, thus posing a serious global public health concern. However, while several vaccines based on the EBOV glycoprotein have been confirmed to be effective in animal experiments, no licensed vaccines or effective treatments have been approved since the first outbreak was reported in 1976. In this study, we prepared the extracellular domain of the EBOV GP protein (designated as N20) by prokaryotic expression and purification via chromatography.

Intranasal inoculate of influenza virus vaccine against lethal virus challenge.

Vaccine adjuvants are essential for enhancing immune responses during vaccination. However, only a limited number of safe and effective adjuvants, especially mucosal adjuvants, are available for use in vaccines. The development of a practically applicable mucosal adjuvant is therefore urgently needed.

Selective Discrimination of Key Enzymes of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Bacteria on Autonomously Reporting Shape-Encoded Hydrogel Patterns.

This work reports on a new approach to rapidly and selectively detect and discriminate enzymes of pathogenic from those of nonpathogenic bacteria using a patterned autonomously reporting hydrogel on a transparent support, in which the selectivity has been encoded by the pattern shape to enable facile detection by a color change at one single wavelength. In particular, enzyme-responsive chitosan hydrogel layers that report the presence of the enzymes β-glucuronidase (β-Gus) and β-galactosidase (β-Gal), produced by the nonvirulent Escherichia coli K12 and the food-borne biosafety level 3 pathogen enterohemorrhagic E. coli, respectively, via the blue color of an indigo dye were patterned by two complementary strategies.

[The Preparation of Epitope-based Recombinant Rubella Virus Diagnostic Antigen].

To prepare an epitope-based recombinant Rubella virus (RV) recombinant diagnostic antigen(designated ‘H29’) and preliminarily evaluate its antigenicity. With Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) located at the N-terminal, and the His tag at the C-terminal, the epitope-based RV recombinant diagnostic antigen (designated‘H29’) was expressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli) and purified by affinity and anion exchange chromatography.

Epitope-based recombinant diagnostic antigen to distinguish natural infection from vaccination with hepatitis A virus vaccines.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can stimulate the production of antibodies to structural and non-structural proteins of the virus. However, vaccination with an inactivated or attenuated HAV vaccine produces antibodies mainly against structural proteins, whereas no or very limited antibodies are produced against the non-structural proteins. Current diagnostic assays to determine exposure to HAV, such as the Abbott HAV AB test, detect antibodies only to the structural proteins and so are not able to distinguish a natural infection from vaccination with an inactivated or attenuated virus.

Protective effect of enterovirus‑71 (EV71) virus‑like particle vaccine against lethal EV71 infection in a neonatal mouse model.

Enterovirus-71 (EV71) is a viral pathogen that causes severe cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among young children, with significant mortality. Effective vaccines against HFMD are urgently required. Several EV71 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates were found to be protective in the neonatal mouse EV71 challenge model.

Immune responses to HBsAg conjugated to protein D of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in mice.

Background: Hepatitis B vaccine that contains an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant induces apoptotic death of Hepa 1-6 cells. Difficult-to-degrade chemical additives in vaccines effectively enhance vaccine immunogenicity, but also affect the host tissue. Identification of bio-molecules that are readily degraded and compatible in vivo as an adjuvant is important for vaccine research.