Estimation of total mediation effect for a binary trait in a case-control study for high-dimensional omics mediators.

Mediation analysis helps uncover how exposures impact outcomes through intermediate variables. Traditional mean-based total mediation effect measures can suffer from the cancellation of opposite component-wise effects and existing methods often lack the power to capture weak effects in high-dimensional mediators. Additionally, most existing work has focused on continuous outcomes, with limited attention to binary outcomes, particularly in case-control studies.

A Serial Mediation Model of Resilience Among Caregivers of Children With Autism.

Importance: Resilience has been reported as a vital element against the high burden on caregivers of children with autism. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying the concurrent interplay of positive factors with resilience within this demographic group remain less understood.

Objective: To construct a model to verify the sequential mediating influence of hope and gratitude in the relationship between perceived social support and resilience among caregivers of children with autism.

Putting computational models of immunity to the test - an invited challenge to predict vaccination outcomes.

Systems vaccinology studies have been used to build computational models that predict individual vaccine responses and identify the factors contributing to differences in outcome. Comparing such models is challenging due to variability in study designs. To address this, we established a community resource to compare models predicting booster responses and generate experimental data for the explicit purpose of model evaluation.

Developing A Baseline Metabolomic Signature Associated with COVID-19 Severity: Insights from Prospective Trials Encompassing 13 U.S. Centers.

Metabolic disease is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection, but the contributing pathways are not yet fully elucidated. Using data from two randomized controlled trials across 13 U.S.

Effect of single spinal anesthesia with two doses ropivacaine on urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy in male patients.

Background: Anorectal diseases are common in the population and include internal, external, and mixed hemorrhoids. Although hemorrhoid surgery is a brief operation, anesthesia, anesthetic drugs, drug concentrations, and anesthesia level control are closely related to postoperative uroschesis. For hemorrhoid surgery, a single spinal block with ropivacaine is commonly used that blocks the S2-S4 parasympathetic nervous system, which in turn governs the voiding reflex, causing postoperative urinary retention; this affects the recovery of patients.

Sleep Quality Evaluation Based on Single-Lead Wearable Cardiac Cycle Acquisition Device.

In clinical conditions, polysomnography (PSG) is regarded as the "golden standard" for detecting sleep disease and offering a reference of objective sleep quality. For healthy adults, scores from sleep questionnaires are more reliable than other methods in obtaining knowledge of subjective sleep quality. In practice, the need to simplify PSG to obtain subjective sleep quality by recording a few channels of physiological signals such as single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) or photoplethysmography (PPG) signal is still very urgent.

Comparative metabolomic profiling in the roots and leaves in contrasting genotypes reveals complex mechanisms involved in post-anthesis drought tolerance in wheat.

Understanding the contrasting biochemical changes in different plant parts in response to drought can help to formulate smart strategies to develop drought tolerant genotypes. The current study used metabolomics and physiological approaches to understand the differential biochemical changes coupled with physiological adjustments in leaves and roots to cope with drought stress in two wheat genotypes, LA754 (drought tolerant) and AGS2038 (drought sensitive). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and physiological trait estimation were performed in the roots and leaves after drought imposition.

Comparative Physiological and Metabolic Analysis Reveals a Complex Mechanism Involved in Drought Tolerance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Induced by PGPR and PGRs.

The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth regulators (PGRs) can be applied to improve the growth and productivity of plants, with potential to be used for genetic improvement of drought tolerance. However, for genetic improvement to be achieved, a solid understanding of the physiological and biochemical changes in plants induced by PGPR and PGR is required. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of PGPR and PGRs on the physiology and biochemical changes in chickpea grown under drought stress conditions and their association with drought tolerance.