New insights into the roles of lactylation in cancer.

Lactylation, a novel discovered posttranslational modification, is a vital component of lactate function and is prevalent in a wide range of cells, interacting with both histone and non-histone proteins. Recent studies have confirmed that lactylation as a new contributor to epigenetic landscape is involved in multiple pathological processes. Accumulating evidence reveals that lactylation exists in different pathophysiological states and leads to inflammation and cancer; however, few mechanisms of lactylation have been elaborated.

Unveiling the role of FTO polymorphisms in predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective study.

Background: Identifying patients who can benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a critical challenge in immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the association between fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) polymorphisms and ICIs treatment outcomes.

Method: This retrospective study was conducted on 371 patients with malignant tumors who received ICIs treatment and were followed-up for a minimum duration of 12 months.

Blood Group Antigen A Carriers Exhibit an Extended Progression-Free Survival with no more Immune-Related Adverse Events.

Extensive investigations have been conducted regarding the potential correlation between blood type and the immune system, as well as cancer risk in the Southern Chinese population. However, the prognostic value of the blood group and its genetic determinants in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment remains unclear. Therefore, the associations between the ABO blood group and its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined in relation to ICI treatment outcomes in 370 eligible patients with cancer.

Gut microbial structural variation associates with immune checkpoint inhibitor response.

The gut microbiota may have an effect on the therapeutic resistance and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the associations between the highly variable genomes of gut bacteria and the effectiveness of ICIs remain unclear, despite the fact that merely a few gene mutations between similar bacterial strains may cause significant phenotypic variations. Here, using datasets from the gut microbiome of 996 patients from seven clinical trials, we systematically identify microbial genomic structural variants (SVs) using SGV-Finder.

Recent advances and prospects of metal-organic frameworks in cancer therapies.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been broadly applied in biomedical and other fields. MOFs have high porosity, a large comparative area, and good biostability and have attracted significant attention, especially in cancer therapies. This paper presents the latest applications of MOFs in chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), immunotherapy (IT), and combination therapy for breast cancer.

Downregulation of circ_0035292 Alleviates LPS-Induced WI-38 Cell Injury via Targeting miR-494-3p/TLR4 Pathway in Infantile Pneumonia.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to mediate infantile pneumonia development. In this, we investigated the role and new mechanism of circ_0035292 regulating infantile pneumonia progression. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated WI-38 cells were used to mimic infantile pneumonia cell injury models.

Case Report: Immunotherapy for low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the pharynx.

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) characterized by the increased proliferation of myofibroblasts is a rare type of malignant myofibroblastic tumor that frequently occurs in the head and neck region. Presently, there is no consensus regarding the treatment of LGMS. Here, we report a rare case of LGMS of the pharynx in a 40-year-old male admitted to our hospital.

Integrated analysis of clinical and genetic factors on the interindividual variation of warfarin anticoagulation efficacy in clinical practice.

Aim: The anticoagulation effect of warfarin is usually evaluated by percentage of time in therapeutic range (PTTR), which is negatively correlated with the risk of warfarin adverse reactions. This study aimed to explore the effects of genetic and nongenetic factors on anticoagulation efficacy of warfarin during different therapeutic range.

Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study aiming at evaluating the impact of clinical and genetic factors on PTTR from initial to more than six months treatment.

Multidimensional evaluation of teaching strategies for pharmacology based on a comprehensive analysis involving 21,269 students.

Given the limitations of traditional pharmacology pedagogical method, diverse novel teaching methods have been widely explored. In this study, we performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the effects of different strategies in pharmacology education. Literature databases were searched from their inception to November 2022, and the studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria to extract important information.

Current landscape and tailored management of immune-related adverse events.

Unprecedented advances have been made in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of cancer. However, the overall benefits from ICIs are impaired by the increasing incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although several factors and mechanisms have been proposed in the development of irAEs, there is still incomprehensive understanding of irAEs.

Vitamin D metabolism pathway polymorphisms are associated with efficacy and safety in patients under anti-PD-1 inhibitor therapy.

Aim: Vitamin D (VitD) signaling has been increasingly investigated for its role in stimulating the innate and adaptive immune systems and suppressing inflammatory responses. Therefore, we examined the associations between VitD-related genetic polymorphisms, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Patients And Methods: A total of 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VitD metabolic pathway genes were genotyped in 343 cancer patients receiving ICI treatment using the MassARRAY platform.

Gut Microbiota and Antidiabetic Drugs: Perspectives of Personalized Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging studies show that prescribed antidiabetic drugs distort the gut microbiota signature associated with T2DM. Even more importantly, accumulated evidence provides support for the notion that gut microbiota, in turn, mediates the efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drugs.

Comparative effectiveness of glycyrrhizic acid preparations aimed at preventing and treating anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: A network meta-analysis of 97 randomized controlled trials.

Background And Objectives: Clinical guidelines and expert consensus do not yet recommend glycyrrhizic acid (GA) preparations, such as compound glycyrrhizin, diammonium glycyrrhizin, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MGIG), et al., for the prevention of anti-tuberculosis(anti-TB) drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to insufficient evidence. Although these GA preparations are recommended for the treatment of anti-TB DILI, which one performs best is unclear.

Durvalumab-Induced Demyelinating Lesions in a Patient With Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report.

It is of great clinical value to investigate the immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially demyelinating lesions, caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The incidence of demyelinating lesions is less frequent in irAEs, but once it occurs, it will seriously affect the survival of patients. The present study reports a case of durvalumab-induced demyelinating lesions in a patient with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Intestinal Microbiome Associated With Immune-Related Adverse Events for Patients Treated With Anti-PD-1 Inhibitors, a Real-World Study.

Aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have updated the treatment landscape for patients with advanced malignancies, while their clinical prospect was hindered by severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The aim of this study was to research the association between gut microbiome diversity and the occurrence of ICI-induced irAEs.

Patients And Method: We prospectively obtained the baseline fecal samples and clinical data from patients treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or antiangiogenesis regardless of treatment lines.

Effect of NPC1L1 polymorphism on warfarin stable dose in Chinese patients under heart valve replacement surgery.

Warfarin is the most often anticoagulant choice for preventable thromboembolism. Notably, vitamin K plays a vital role in the process of warfarin's anticoagulant effect. Therefore, we presume NPC1L1, a key transporter of vitamin K (VK) intestinal absorption, may modulate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

Evaluating the role of GSTP1 genetic polymorphism (rs1695, 313A>G) as a predictor in cyclophosphamide-induced toxicities.

The association between Glutathione S-transferase Pi 1(GSTP1) genetic polymorphism (rs1695, 313A>G) and cyclophosphamide-induced toxicities has been widely investigated in previous studies, however, the results were inconsistent. This study was performed to further elucidate the association.A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wan Fang database up to January 5, 2020.

Pleiotropic Effects of Metformin on the Antitumor Efficiency of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Cancer is an important threat to public health because of its high morbidity and mortality. In recent decades, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have ushered a new therapeutic era in clinical oncology. The rapid development of immune checkpoint therapy is due to its inspiring clinical efficacy in a group of cancer types.

Peripheral Blood Markers Associated with Immune-Related Adverse Effects in Patients Who Had Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with PD-1 Inhibitors.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC), but immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been evidenced curtailed the clinical use of them.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to research the influences of inflammation-related peripheral blood markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels, on anti-PD-1 inhibitor-induced irAEs.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors for stage III-IV NSCLC at a single center from 2017 to 2020 were included.

Comprehensive elaboration of glycemic variability in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications.

Diabetes mellitus is the major risk factor for the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications. It is increasingly recognized that glycemic variability (GV), referring to oscillations in blood glucose levels and representing either short-term or long-term GV, is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and has emerged as a possible independent risk factor for them. In this review, we summarize the metrics and measurement of GV in clinical practice, as well as comprehensively elaborate the role and related mechanisms of GV in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications, aiming to provide the mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for clinicians to manage diabetes mellitus.

polymorphisms associated with warfarin stable dose in Chinese patients: a stepwise conditional analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether variability in warfarin stable dose (WSD) could be influenced by vitamin K-related polymorphisms in patients with heart valve replacement. Twenty-nine vitamin K-related SNPs in 208 patients who initially took warfarin and achieved WSD were genotyped. After conducting conditional analysis for both -1639G>A and *3, rs1800139 and rs1800154 were significantly associated with WSD (p = 0.

Author Correction: Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide can safely prevent NSCLC metastasis via targeting EGFR and EMT.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Gut microbiota: An intermediary between metabolic syndrome and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

Gut microbiome interacts with the central nervous system tract through the gut-brain axis. Such communication involves neuronal, endocrine, and immunological mechanisms, which allows for the microbiota to affect and respond to various behaviors and psychiatric conditions. In addition, the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) may interact with and even change the abundance of microbiome to potentially cause adverse effects or aggravate the disorders inherent in the disease.

Association of Apelin and Apelin Receptor Polymorphisms With the Risk of Comorbid Depression and Anxiety in Coronary Heart Disease Patients.

The Apelin (APLN)/apelin receptor (APLNR) signaling pathway is a newly identified regulator in various cardiovascular diseases, which is considered as a candidate pathway for the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD), depression, and anxiety. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between APLN/APLNR gene polymorphisms and the risk of depression and anxiety in CHD patients. To this end, a case-control study involving 269 CHD patients and 184 healthy control individuals was conducted.