Integrative proteome and metabolome analyses reveal molecular basis of the tail resorption during the metamorphic climax of .

During the metamorphosis of anuran amphibians, the tail resorption process is a necessary and crucial change. One subject that has received relatively little or no attention is the expression patterns of proteins and metabolites in the different tail portions during metamorphosis, especially in highland amphibians. The mechanisms of tail resorption in three portions (the tip, middle and root) of the tail were investigated in G43 tadpole based on two omics (proteomic and metabolomic).

Effects of warming at embryonic and larval stages on tadpole fitness in high-altitude Rana kukunoris.

Global warming may affect the early developmental stages of high-altitude amphibians, thereby influencing their later fitness. Yet, this has been largely unexplored. To investigate whether and how the temperatures experienced by embryonic and larval stages affect their fitness at later developmental stages, we designed two experiments in which the embryos and larvae were treated with three temperatures (24, 18 and 12 °C), respectively.

Convergent High O Affinity but Distinct ATP-Mediated Allosteric Regulation of Hemoglobins in Oviparous and Viviparous Lizards from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The functional adaptation and underlying molecular mechanisms of hemoglobins (Hbs) have primarily concentrated on mammals and birds, with few reports on reptiles. This study aimed to investigate the convergent and species-specific high-altitude adaptation mechanisms of Hbs in two lizards from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Hbs of high-altitude and were characterized by significantly high overall and intrinsic Hb-O affinity compared to their low-altitude populations.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis delineates adaptation strategies of Rana kukunoris toward cold stress on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Background: Cold hardiness is fundamental for amphibians to survive during the extremely cold winter on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Exploring the gene regulation mechanism of freezing-tolerant Rana kukunoris could help us to understand how the frogs survive in winter.

Results: Transcriptome of liver and muscle of R.

Potential Effects of High Temperature and Heat Wave on Based on Transcriptomic Analysis.

In the context of climate change, understanding how indigenous amphibians of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau react to stresses and their coping mechanisms could be crucial for predicting their fate and successful conservation. A liver transcriptome for was constructed using high-throughput RNA sequencing, and its gene expression was compared with frogs acclimated under either room temperature or high temperature and also heat wave exposed ones. A total of 126,465 unigenes were produced, with 66,924 (52.

Does a Moderately Warming Climate Compensate for the Negative Effects of UV-B Radiation on Amphibians at High Altitudes? A Test of Living on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Both the warming climate and ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR) are considered to be notable environmental factors affecting amphibian population decline, with particular effects on tadpole development. However, the phenotypes of tadpoles living at high altitudes may be improved by moderately warming temperatures, reducing or eliminating the negative effects of oxidative damage caused by cool temperatures or strong UVBR at high altitudes. To verify this hypothesis, tadpoles, which live at high altitudes, were used to test the effect of the interaction of temperature and UVBR on their development and antioxidant systems in a fully factorial design.

Effects of temperature on the locomotor performance and contraction properties of skeletal muscle from two Phrynocephalus lizards at high and low altitude.

Locomotor performance and skeletal muscle contraction are critical for animals and are susceptible to changes in the external thermal environment, especially for ectotherms. Phrynocephalus erythrurus, which is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, is known for living at the highest elevation among all reptiles in the world (4500-5300 m). In this study, which compares P.

Comparison of hematological traits and oxygenation properties of hemoglobins from highland and lowland Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans).

The Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) belonging to the family of Bufonidae (Anura: Amphibia) is successfully residing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To investigate whether the oxygen delivery undergoes adaptive adjustments to high-altitude environments in Asian toads inhabiting the QTP (Zoige County, 3446 m), choosing low-altitude populations (Chengdu City, 500 m) as control, we measured hematological traits, O affinities of whole blood, Hb-O affinities of purified Hbs, their sensitivities to temperature, and allosteric effectors (H, Cl and ATP). Our results showed that high-altitude Asiatic toads possessed significantly increased hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red blood cell count, but significantly decreased erythrocyte volume compared with low-altitude toads.

Suppressed LPS-mediated TLR4 signaling in the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) compared to the bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus).

Ecological immunology involves the study of the immune function of wildlife, which is seldom compared with that of model animals. Here, we evaluated and compared the level of the innate immune response in the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi), an indigenous underground rodent from the Tibetan Plateau, with that in the bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat (Rattus norvegicus). The spleen was observed by ordinary light and transmission electron microscopy, and the spleen index was calculated.

Oxygenation properties and underlying molecular mechanisms of hemoglobins in plateau zokor ().

The plateau zokor () is a species of subterranean rodent endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. It is well adapted to the cold and hypoxic and hypercapnic burrow. To study the oxygenation properties of plateau zokor hemoglobins (Hbs), we measured intrinsic Hb-O affinities and their sensitivities to pH (Bohr effect); CO; Cl, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG); and temperature using purified Hbs from zokor and mouse.