GeSbSeTe-Based Optical Switch with Ultra-High Contrast Ratio by Multilayer Fabry-Perot Cavity.

Optical switches always desire a high contrast ratio in optical logic circuits and optical communication devices. Although phase change materials are widely applied to design optical switches for their rapid phase change, the high contrast ratio is still hardly achieved for the intrinsic loss of traditional PCMs. Here, the study demonstrates an optical switch with an ultra-high contrast ratio by introducing the GeSbSeTe (GSST) into a multilayer film structure treated as a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity.

Enhancing fracture risk indication: The impact of bone load index and muscle fat infiltration on vertebral compression fracture.

Purpose: This study aims to identify risk factors for vertebral compression fracture and enhance the ability to indicate fracture risk.

Methods: A retrospective collection of clinical and imaging data was conducted for patients with vertebral compression fractures and control subjects who underwent quantitative computed tomography scans. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was employed to identify variables associated with fractures, constructing both unadjusted model and adjusted model.

High-sensitivity determination of available cobalt in soil using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-induced fluorescence.

Conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy could not conduct high-sensitivity determination of available cobalt due to spectral interference and weak spectral intensity. To improve the poor detection sensitivity of available cobalt in soil, available cobalt was extracted from soil and prepared. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-induced fluorescence was introduced to excite and detect the cobalt element.

The distribution of high-quality internal standard lines and their selection method based on the -value in portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Internal standard lines play a crucial role in the univariate quantitative analysis in portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology. To overcome the uncertainty of the conventional internal standard method, the distribution principles of high-quality internal standard lines were studied and revealed at the macro and micro levels, and an automatic internal standard line selection method based on the -value was proposed. Using this method, in the quantitative analysis of Si in low-alloy steel samples, the average relative error of cross-validation (ARECV), root mean squared error of cross-validation (RMSECV), and the limit of detection (LoD) were decreased significantly from 27.

Determination of fluorine content in rocks using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with radical synthesis.

In the atmosphere, fluorine element in rocks is hard to detect using fluorine atomic emission spectrum in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. In this study, a novel radical synthesis method based on laser ablation was proposed, by which strontium-fluorine (SrF) radical spectrum was collected to quantify fluorine element in rocks instead of fluorine atom spectrum. A pure strontium carbonate was placed orthogonally to the sample, and ablated by an additional laser to provide sufficient strontium atoms for promoting SrF radical formation.

Sensitive analysis of fluorine and chlorine elements in water solution using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with molecular synthesis.

Fluorine and chlorine are key elements to affecting water quality, but they are hard to be determined by conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). To achieve high sensitivity detection of them, the CaF and CaCl molecules were synthesized by combining calcium in calcite and F and Cl in sample. The temporal characteristics of CaF and CaCl molecular emissions were investigated.

Lead of detection in rhododendron leaves using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by laser-induced fluorescence.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by laser-induced fluorescence (LIBS-LIF) was applied to determine lead (Pb) in rhododendron leaves. Rhododendron leaves are essential types of herbal materials. Rapid detection of lead in rhododendron leaves is urgent for drug monitoring.

Sulfur determination in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with resonance Raman scattering.

Sulfur is an essential element in industry, but it is difficult to be detected by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In this work, the disulfide radical Raman scattering was observed in sulfur plasma by combining LIBS with resonance Raman scattering (LIBS-RRS). Sulfur has been ablated by a focused laser beam to generate plasma, in which some sulfur atoms were combined to form disulfide radicals.

Coupling of thermophilic biofilm-based systems and ozonation for enhanced organics removal from high-temperature pulping wastewater: Performance, microbial communities, and pollutant transformations.

This study focused on the establishment of thermophilic biofilm-based systems (TBSs) coupled with ozonation for treatment of high-temperature pulping wastewater. The effects of the inoculum, sludge growth mode, and temperature were investigated. These factors played roles in the organics removal performance and microbial communities of pulping wastewater treatment systems.

Determination of chlorine with radical emission using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy coupled with partial least square regression.

Chlorine is a crucial element which may cause the corrosion of reinforced concrete. However, the strongest chlorine atom/ion emission lines are in the UV region and the ground state atom is hard to excite by conventional single-pulsed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SP-LIBS). Radical emission is a feasible alternative to atom/ion emission when detecting chlorine concentration.

An ionic liquid-functionalized amphiphilic Janus material as a Pickering interfacial catalyst for asymmetric sulfoxidation in water.

Ionic liquid-functionalized amphiphilic Janus chiral salen TiIV catalysts were prepared by partial hydrophobic modification of silica with a chiral salen TiIV complex through an imidazolium ionic liquid (IL) linker. By optimizing their hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, the IL-functionalized JNP materials exhibited excellent interfacial activity, significantly accelerating asymmetric sulfoxidation in water through the formation of stable Pickering emulsions. Moreover, catalyst recovery was readily achieved using centrifugation.

Titanium(iv)-folded single-chain polymeric nanoparticles as artificial metalloenzyme for asymmetric sulfoxidation in water.

Intrachain TiIV-oxazoline complexation together with hydrophobic interaction triggered the self-folding of an oxazoline-containing single polymeric chain in water. The formed TiIV-folded single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) acted as metalloenzyme-mimetic catalysts in asymmetric sulfoxidation in water owing to their organized, compartmentalized structure, effective site isolation, and also secondary coordination sphere provided by a copolymer backbone. In addition, they also could be facilely recovered for reuse by simple thermo-controlled separation.