Roles of RNA mC modification patterns in prognosis and tumor microenvironment infiltration of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Genetic and epigenetic aberrations display an essential role in the initiation and progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). 5-methylcytosine (mC), a common RNA modification, regulates various cellular processes and contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, mC alterations in DLBCL remain unclear.

Effects of latroeggtoxin-VI on dopamine and α-synuclein in PC12 cells and the implications for Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by death of dopaminergic neurons leading to dopamine deficiency, excessive α-synuclein facilitating Lewy body formation, etc. Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a proteinaceous neurotoxin discovered from the eggs of spider L. tredecimguttatus, was previously found to promote the synthesis and release of PC12 cells, showing a great potential as a drug candidate for PD.

Insights into the mediation of Ca signaling in the promoting effects of LETX-VI on the synthesis and release of dopamine.

Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI) is an active protein and was previously demonstrated to have effects on the synthesis and release of dopamine. Hererin, the involvement of Ca signaling in the effects of LETX-VI on dopamine was systematically investigated, using PC12 cells as a neuron model. LETX-VI was shown to promote dopamine release from PC12 cells both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca; however the presence of extracellular Ca was favorable for enhancing the promoting effects of LETX-VI on dopamine, because LETX-VI facilitated the influx of extracellular Ca through the L-type calcium channels in plasma membrane (PM) to increase cytosolic Ca concentration.

Analysis of differentially expressed genes discovers Latroeggtoxin VI-induced changes and SYNJ1 as a main target in PC12 cells.

Background: Previous preliminary work found that Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a proteinaceous neurotoxin from the eggs of spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, could promote the synthesis and release of dopamine in PC12 cells. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clear. Here, the effects of LETX-VI on the gene expression profile and dopamine in PC12 cells were analyzed with the differential transcriptome-based strategies.

Latroeggtoxin-VI protects nerve cells and prevents depression by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway activation and excessive inflammation.

Depression has a high incidence and seriously endangers human health. Accumulated evidence indicates that targeting neuroinflammation is a potential avenue for neuroprotection and thus depression prevention. Herein, the effects of latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a bioactive protein from the eggs of spider , on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and depression were systematically investigated using RAW264.

Rab3 and synaptotagmin proteins in the regulation of vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release.

Ca-triggered neurotransmitter release involves complex regulatory mechanisms, including a series of protein-protein interactions. Three proteins, synaptobrevin (VAMP), synaptosomal-associated protein of 25kDa (SNAP-25) and syntaxin, constitute the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) core complex that plays key roles in controlling vesicle fusion and exocytosis. Many other proteins participate in the regulation of the processes via direct and/or indirect interaction with the SNARE complex.

Synaptotagmin 1-mediated cell membrane penetration and dopamine release enhancement by latroeggtoxin-VI.

Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a proteinaceous neurotoxin mined from the egg transcriptome of spider L. tredecimguttatus, was previously found to promote the release of dopamine from PC12 cells. However, the relevant molecular mechanism has not been fully clear.

Biochemical and cytotoxic evaluation of latroeggtoxin-VI against PC12 cells.

Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI) is a peptide neurotoxin discovered from Latrodectus tredecimguttatus eggs. In the current study, the action features of the neurotoxin on PC12 cells were systematically investigated. LETX-VI could promote dopamine release from PC12 cells in the absence and presence of Ca2+, involving an even more complex action mechanism in the presence of Ca2+ and when the treatment time was longer.

Pull-Down Assay-Guided Insights into the Effects of Latroeggtoxin-VI on Nerve Cells.

Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI) is a peptide neurotoxin newly found from the eggs of spider To explore the mechanism of action of the LETX-VI on nerve cells, the effects of LETX-VI on PC12 cells, a commonly used neuron model, were analyzed using a pull-down assay-guided strategy. LETX-VI was shown to interact with 164 PC12 cell proteins that have diverse molecular functions such as binding, catalysis, regulation, structural activity, etc., thereby extensively affecting the biological processes in the PC12 cells, particularly protein metabolism, response to stimulus, substance transport, and nucleic acid metabolism, with 56.

VHS, US3 and UL13 viral tegument proteins are required for Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced modification of protein kinase R.

To replicate, spread and persist in the host environment, viruses have evolved several immunological escape mechanisms via the action of specific viral proteins. The model "host shut off" adopted by virion host shut off (VHS) protein of Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) represents an immune evasion mechanism which affects the best-characterized component of the innate immunological response, protein kinase R (PKR). However, up to now, the real mechanism employed by VHS to control PKR is still unknown.