Macronutrient (im)balance drives energy intake in an obesogenic food environment: An ecological analysis.

Objective: The protein leverage hypothesis (PLH) postulates that strong regulation of protein intake drives energy overconsumption and obesity when human diets are diluted by fat and carbohydrates. The two predictions of the PLH are that humans (i) regulate intake to maintain protein within a narrow range and that (ii) energy intake is an inverse function of percentage energy from protein because absolute protein intake is maintained within narrow limits.

Methods: Multidimensional nutritional geometry was used to test the predictions of the PLH using dietary data from the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.

Perceived barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity in endoscopic bariatric patients: a qualitative study.

Purpose: To explore the perceived barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity in individuals opting for endoscopic bariatric procedures.

Methods: A total of 55 participants were recruited from a metropolitan bariatric clinic in Australia. Participants were interviewed at one of two stages of treatment: pre-procedure (n = 34) or 5-6 months post-procedure (n = 18).

Endoscopic bariatric therapies for obesity: a review.

▪ Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions globally, with overweight or obesity affecting at least two-thirds of Australian adults. ▪ Bariatric surgery is an effective weight loss strategy but is constrained by high resource requirements and low patient acceptance. ▪ Multiple endoscopic bariatric therapies have matured, with well established and favourable safety and efficacy profiles in multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and are best used within a multidisciplinary setting as an adjuvant to lifestyle intervention.

Double Burden of Malnutrition in the Asia-Pacific Region-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Double Burden of Malnutrition (DBM)-the coexistence of undernutrition along with overnutrition-is a significant public health issue in the Asia-Pacific region. The scope of the DBM in this region is largely unknown. This review aims to determine the prevalence of under- and overnutrition as major DBM components and to investigate whether there has been a shift from under- to overnutrition in the Asia-Pacific region.

Cognitive remediation-enabled cognitive behaviour therapy for obesity: a case series.

Purpose: Despite varied treatment effects, weight recidivism is common and typically associated with the abandonment of prescribed weight management strategies. Literature suggests that difficulty with weight management is associated with deficits in executive functioning, in particular cognitive flexibility and response inhibition, the neurocognitive processes that are involved in goal-directed behaviours, such as dietary adherence. These processes are overlooked by mainstream weight loss programmes.

Concurrent Placements of a Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner and an Intragastric Balloon Among Severely Obese Patients: A Case Series.

The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner and the intragastric balloon are endoscopically deployed devices used in the treatment of obesity and diabetes. These devices use differing mechanisms of action, and concurrent use may lead to improved efficacy. Three obese patients who suffered from weight loss plateau with the liner had the intragastric balloon inserted concurrently.

Ultra-processed foods and recommended intake levels of nutrients linked to non-communicable diseases in Australia: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Australia and its association with the intake of nutrients linked to non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2011-2012).

Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background & Aims: Bariatric surgery is the most successful treatment for obesity. However, many patients avoid surgery due to its perceived invasive nature and fear of complications. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a seemingly less invasive option for patients with obesity.

Patient motivations and expectations prior to bariatric surgery: A qualitative systematic review.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for weight loss in individuals with severe and complex obesity. While the extant literature has mostly explored clinical outcomes of surgery, recent research has also examined patients' experiences prior to treatment. This systematic review synthesized findings from qualitative studies investigating patients' motives and expectations prior to undergoing bariatric surgery for weight loss.

Older Australians are eating more protein: Secondary analysis of the 1995 & 2011/12 national nutrition surveys.

Background/objectives: Diet is important in healthy ageing. Protein is essential for physical function, immunity, maintaining quality of life and ability to live independently.

Subjects/methods: Protein intakes, sources and the protein content of meals and snacks among adults aged ≥65 years from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (n = 1960) and the 2011/12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 2103) were examined.

Recent trends in intensive treatments of obesity: Is academic research matching public interest?

Background: The demand and the utilization of intensive treatments of obesity have been increased tremendously.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate trends in interest related to the intensive treatments of obesity in both academic research and the public domain, and assess whether they match each other.

Setting: The BMI Clinic, Double Bay, New South Wales, Australia.

Low calcium intakes among Australian adolescents and young adults are associated with higher consumption of discretionary foods and beverages.

Objectives: Calcium is an essential nutrient required for peak bone mass growth during adolescence and into young adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine the calcium intake of Australian adolescents and young adults from both food sources and supplements; and the relationship between calcium intake and intake of food groups.

Methods: Dietary data from 770 adolescents (14-18 y of age) and 774 young adults (19-25 y of age) from the 2011 to 12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used.

Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG) Is a Reproducible and Effective Endoscopic Bariatric Therapy Suitable for Widespread Clinical Adoption: a Large, International Multicenter Study.

Objective: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG), an incisionless endoscopic bariatric procedure, has shown impressive results in case series. This study examines the reproducibility, efficacy, and safety in three centers across two countries, and identifies key determinants for procedural success.

Design: Patients who underwent ESG between February 2016 and May 2017 at one of three centers (Australia and USA) were retrospectively analyzed.

Consumption patterns of meat, poultry, and fish after disaggregation of mixed dishes: secondary analysis of the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-12.

Background: With the increased consumption of mixed dishes, the need for more precise quantitative data on individual food components is becoming more important. This paper aims to examine the consumption of meat, poultry, and fish before and after disaggregation of mixed dishes, and its contribution to energy and nutrient intakes in a representative sample of Australians.

Methods: This study utilised a 24-h recall of 12,153 people aged two years and over participating in the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.

The fruit and vegetable intake of young Australian adults: a population perspective.

Objective: To examine intakes and variety of fruit and vegetables consumed by Australian young adults, also assessing differences by meal occasion and sociodemographic characteristics.

Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional 24 h recall data collected through the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Crude means and proportions consuming fruits and vegetables were calculated.

Discrepancy in socioeconomic status does not fully explain the variation in diet quality between consumers of different coffee types.

Purpose: Habitual consumers of different coffee types may vary in socioeconomic status (SES), which is an important determinant of diet quality. Nonetheless, research on diet quality among coffee consumers was scarce. We aimed to compare the diet quality of coffee consumers with different preferences towards coffee type and additive usage.

A modeling study of beverage substitution and obesity outcomes among Australian adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations among sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, its substitution with beverage alternatives, and obesity outcomes in an Australian population.

Methods: We used data from 9341 adults ages ≥19 y from the 2011-2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Multivariate linear regression with adjustment for covariates was used to examine the associations between SSB consumption and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).

Exploratory analysis of meal composition in Australia: meat and accompanying foods.

Objective: The study of meal patterns and overall diet in relation to health outcomes may be more important than focusing on single nutrients or food groups. The present study aimed to explore the composition of main meals and snacks in the Australian population and examine associations between meat/poultry/fish and other foods.

Design: The study utilised 24 h recalls.

Socio-Demographic Determinants of Diet Quality in Australian Adults Using the Validated Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults (HEIFA-2013).

Diet quality indices have been shown to predict cardiovascular disease, cancer, Type 2 Diabetes, obesity and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to determine the socio-demographics of Australian adults with poor diet quality. Diet quality was assessed for participants of the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey aged 18 years or above ( = 9435), with the validated 11-component Healthy Eating Index for Australians (HEIFA-2013), based on the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines.

Changes in Meat/Poultry/Fish Consumption in Australia: From 1995 to 2011-2012.

The purpose of the study was to examine temporal changes in meat/poultry/fish consumption patterns between 1995 and 2011-2012 in the Australian population. Meat/poultry/fish consumption from all food sources, including recipes, was analysed by gender, age group, and socio-economic status using 24-h recall data from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey ( = 13,858) and the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey ( = 12,153). The overall proportion of people consuming meat/poultry/fish remained stable (91.

Water and Beverage Consumption: Analysis of the Australian 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.

Background: Water consumption as a vital component of the human diet is under-researched in dietary surveys and nutrition studies.

Aim: To assess total water and fluid intakes and examine demographic, anthropometric, and dietary factors associated with water consumption in the Australian population.

Methods: Dietary intake data from the 2011 to 2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used.

Discretionary food and beverage consumption and its association with demographic characteristics, weight status, and fruit and vegetable intakes in Australian adults.

Objective: Excessive consumption of discretionary foods/beverages in the Australian population has been identified, increasing the risk of obesity and chronic disease. The present study aimed to examine the associations between demographic, anthropometric and dietary factors and the consumption of discretionary foods, discretionary beverages and discretionary foods/beverages combined.

Design: Discretionary food/beverage consumption reported in two 24 h recalls was analysed, stratified by gender, age, socio-economic status, country of birth, BMI, waist circumference, and fruit and vegetable intakes.

The effects of antenatal dietary and lifestyle advice for women who are overweight or obese on maternal diet and physical activity: the LIMIT randomised trial.

Background: Overweight and obesity is a significant health concern during pregnancy. Our aim was to investigate the effect of providing antenatal dietary and lifestyle advice to women who are overweight or obese on components of maternal diet and physical activity.

Methods: We conducted a randomised controlled trial, in which pregnant women with a body mass index≥25 kg/m2, and singleton gestation between 10(+0) to 20(+0) weeks were recruited and randomised to Lifestyle Advice (involving a comprehensive dietary and lifestyle intervention over their pregnancy) or Standard Care.

Enablers of and barriers to making healthy change during pregnancy in overweight and obese women.

Background: High Body Mass Index (BMI) during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Making healthy change during pregnancy is beneficial, especially for overweight and obese women.

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the barriers and enablers identified by overweight and obese women that preclude and facilitate making healthy change during pregnancy.

Physical activity levels during pregnancy and gestational weight gain among women who are overweight or obese.

Issue Addressed: There is contradictory research assessing physical activity patterns during pregnancy and postpartum among women who are overweight or obese. The aim of this study was to evaluate physical activity among overweight and obese women over the course of pregnancy and the initial postpartum period.

Methods: Three hundred and five overweight or obese pregnant women completed physical-activity questionnaires at three time points during pregnancy and at 4-months postpartum.