Behavior-change lifestyle interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: A scoping review.

Behavior-change lifestyle interventions are fundamental in children and adolescent obesity management. This scoping review discusses optimal behavior-change lifestyle interventions in the treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. A literature search on diet, physical activity, and behavioral intervention for obesity treatment in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years was conducted in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.

Secreted phospholipase PLA2G2E contributes to regulation of T cell immune response against influenza virus infection.

The involvement of secreted phospholipase A2s in respiratory diseases, such as asthma and respiratory viral infections, is well-established. However, the specific role of secreted phospholipase A2 group IIE (PLA2G2E) during influenza virus infection remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of PLA2G2E during H1N1 influenza virus infection using a targeted mouse model lacking gene ().

Quantification of safety improvements and human-machine tradeoffs in the transition to automated driving.

The assumption of reduced human error-related crashes with increasing levels of automation in pursuing Level 5 automation lacks empirical evidence. As automation levels rise, human error-induced safety hazards are anticipated to decrease, while machine error-induced hazards will increase. However, a quantitative index capturing this tradeoff is absent.

Evidence of automated vehicle safety's influence on people's acceptance of the automated driving technology.

Existing studies identified targeted audiences showing increases in Automated Vehicles (AV) acceptance after experiencing automated driving. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the reasons. Although some studies cited safety as the primary reason, there is no objective evidence from safety performance in verifying its impact on AV acceptance.

Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China.

Pesticide residues in kumquat fruits from China, and the quality and chronic/acute intake risks in Chinese consumers, were assessed using the QuEChERS procedure and UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods. Our 5-year monitoring and survey showed 90% of the 573 samples of kumquat fruits collected from two main production areas contained one or multiple residual pesticides. Overall, 30 pesticides were detected, including 16 insecticides, 7 fungicides, 5 acaricides, and 2 plant growth modulators, of which 2 pesticides were already banned.

Dissipation and dietary exposure risk assessment of spinosad, thiocyclam, and its metabolite nereistoxin in cucumber and groundwater for different population groups.

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) technique using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of spinosad (spinosyn A + spinosyn D), thiocyclam, and nereistoxin in cucumber was developed with mean recoveries of 93-104%, relative standard deviations of ≤9%, and limits of quantification of 0.01 mg/kg. Field trials of spinosad and thiocyclam were performed in 12 representative cultivating areas in China.

Ascorbic acid-mediated in situ growth of gold nanostars for photothermal immunoassay of ochratoxin A.

Currently, the development of efficient mycotoxins detection methods, particularly using portable devices as readout devices, remains a great challenge. Herein, a photothermal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on gold nanostars (AuNSs) for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) using a "thermometer" was proposed for the first time. AuNSs with photothermal conversion capacity were parepared using an ascorbic acid (AA)-mediated in situ growth methd.

Influenza Virus Carrying a Codon-Reprogrammed Neuraminidase Gene as a Strategy for Live Attenuated Vaccine.

Live attenuated influenza vaccines offer broader and longer-lasting protection in comparison to inactivated influenza vaccines. The neuraminidase (NA) surface glycoprotein of influenza A virus is essential for the release and spread of progeny viral particles from infected cells. In this study, we de novo synthesized the NA gene, in which 62% of codons were synonymously changed based on mammalian codon bias usage.

Influenza Virus Infection Increases Host Susceptibility To Secondary Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and This Is Attributed To Neutrophil Dysfunction through Reduced Myeloperoxidase Activity.

Secondary bacterial infection greatly increased the morbidity and mortality of influenza virus infection. To investigate the underlying mechanism by which influenza impairs the pulmonary defense against secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection, we established a lethal mouse model in which to study secondary P.

Synthesis of Chainlike ZSM-5 with a Polyelectrolyte as a Second Template for Oleic Acid and Ethanol Cracking into Light Olefins.

Chainlike ZSM-5 was synthesized in a tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) dual-template system. The synthesis parameters and formation mechanism of chainlike zeolites were investigated. The optimized composition of the synthesis mixture was as follows: the PDDA/SiO, TPAOH/SiO, SiO/AlO, and HO/SiO molar ratios are, respectively, 0.

Preparation of sodium silicate/red mud-based ZSM-5 with glucose as a second template for catalytic cracking of waste plastics into useful chemicals.

ZSM-5 was economically synthesized with red mud (RM) and industrial sodium silicate (ISS) in a tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr)-glucose dual-template system. The roles of glucose, Fe and Ca in RM on the formation of ZSM-5 were investigated. The catalytic performances of the resultant ZSM-5 were tested by cracking waste plastics.

CO-elevated cell-free protein synthesis.

Gases are the vital nutrition of all organisms as the precursor of metabolism pathways. As a potential biological process, protein synthesis is inevitably regulated by gas transport and utilization. However, the effect of carbon dioxide (CO) present in many metabolic pathways on protein synthesis has not been studied well.

CRISPR-Cas12a based fluorescence assay for organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural products.

Herein, we propose a sensitive fluorescent assay for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) detection based on a novel strategy of activating the CRISPR-Cas12a system. Specifically, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyzes acetylthiocholine into thiocholine (TCh). Subsequently, TCh induces the degradation of MnO nanosheets and generates sufficient Mn ions to activate the Mn-dependent DNAzyme.

Potential of PKM2 as a drug target in mouse models with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: This study aimed to determine the effect of PKM2 knockout in STZ induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) mouse models and to explore the possible mechanism.

Method: PKM2fl/fl C57BL/6 mouse was backcrossed with Ins-1cre C57BL/6 mouse to generate β-cell-specific PKM2 knockout mouse after tamoxifen administration. The expression level of PKM2 in pancreas tissues was detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.

Supramolecular protein assembly in cell-free protein synthesis system.

Protein-based biomaterials have the characteristics of stability and biocompatibility. Based on these advantages, various bionic materials have been manufactured and used in different fields. However, current protein-based biomaterials generally need to form monomers in cells and be purified before being assembled in vitro.

Determination of five pesticides in kumquat: Dissipation behaviors, residues and their health risk assessment under field conditions.

The present study was carried out to profile the dissipation patterns and residues of five pesticides (triazophos, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, etoxazole and bifenthrin) on kumquat using QuEChERS method coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. The corresponding dietary health risks were also estimated. In the method validation, satisfactory results of good linearity (r ≥ 0.

Comparative Studies of the Structural and Transport Properties of Molten Salt FLiNaK Using the Machine-Learned Neural Network and Reparametrized Classical Forcefields.

Despite surging interest in molten salt reactors and thermal storage systems, knowledge of the physicochemical properties of molten salts are still inadequate due to demanding experiments that require high temperature, impurity control, and corrosion mitigation. Therefore, the ability to predict these properties for molten salts from first-principles computations is urgently needed. Herein, we developed and compared a machine-learned neural network force field (NNFF) and a reparametrized rigid ion model (RIM) for a prototypical molten salt LiF-NaF-KF (FLiNaK).

Dissipation of imidacloprid and its metabolites in Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum) and their dietary risk assessment.

Dissipation of imidacloprid (IMI) and its metabolites (urea, olefin, 5-hydroxy, guanidine, 6-chloronicotinic acid) in Chinese prickly ash (CPA) was investigated using QuEChERS combined with UPLC-MS/MS. Good linearity (r ≥0.9963), accuracy (recoveries of 71.

Enantioselective determination of phenthoate enantiomers in plant-origin matrices using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Phenthoate is a chiral organophosphate pesticide with a pair of enantiomers which differ in toxicity, behavior and insecticidal activity, and its acute toxicity on human health owing to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase highlights the need for enantioselective detection of enantiomers. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a simple rapid method for separation and detection of phenthoate enantiomers in fruits, vegetables and grains. The enantiomers were separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the first time.

A sensitive and practical ELISA for analyzing naringenin in pummelo and herb samples.

Naringenin, a flavonoid compound found in pummelo, is a key biological active compound in some traditional Chinese medicines, including Citri reticulatae pericarpium, Citri reticulatae pericarpium viride, Aurantii fructus immaturus, and Aurantii fructus. These Chinese medicinal preparations are the peels or immature fruits of certain citrus species. Aiming at detecting naringenin in complex matrices such as pummelo and traditional Chinese medicines, we put forward a sensitive and practical indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) based on anti-naringenin monoclonal antibodies (anti-Nar-mAbs).

Near quantitative synthesis of urea macrocycles enabled by bulky N-substituent.

Macrocycles are unique molecular structures extensively used in the design of catalysts, therapeutics and supramolecular assemblies. Among all reactions reported to date, systems that can produce macrocycles in high yield under high reaction concentrations are rare. Here we report the use of dynamic hindered urea bond (HUB) for the construction of urea macrocycles with very high efficiency.

Portable and quantitative detection of carbendazim based on the readout of a thermometer.

The detection of carbendazim (CBZ) is important for food safety and human health. However, most current analytical methods require large instruments and highly trained operators. In order to solve this problem, herein, an innovative portable and quantitative photothermal assay platform relying on a thermometer readout for the detection of CBZ has been developed.

Guidance-oriented advanced curve speed warning system in a connected vehicle environment.

Connected Vehicles (CV) technology has been used to address safety issues on highway horizontal curves. Existing curve warning systems are either using curve warning signs or providing drivers with an in-vehicle curve warning message in advance, allowing drivers to adjust their speed prior to the vehicle entering the curve. In practice, drivers might be compliant before entering the curve but may pick up the speed in the curve.

Portable environment-signal detection biosensors with cell-free synthetic biosystems.

By embedding regulated genetic circuits and cell-free systems onto a paper, the portable biosensing platform showed the possibility of detecting environmental pollutants, namely arsenic ions and bacterial quorum-sensing signal AHLs (-acyl homoserine lactones). This platform has a great potential for practical environmental management and diagnosis.