HS protects rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting expression and activation of hippocampal ROCK at the Thr436 and Ser575 sites.

Background: HS is an endogenous gas signal molecule, which protects cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by phosphorylating rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK) at Tyr722, and inhibiting ROCK protein expression and activities. We previously reported that HS protected rat neurons from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro through inhibiting phosphorylation of ROCK at Thr436 and Ser575, but it is unclear whether these two sites are involved in protection of HS against cerebral I/R injury.

Method: Rats transfected with wild-type and mutant eukaryotic plasmids of ROCK in hippocampus were used to establish I/R model by ligating bilateral common carotid artery.

Hydrogen Sulfide Exerted a Pro-Angiogenic Role by Promoting the Phosphorylation of VEGFR2 at Tyr797 and Ser799 Sites in Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury.

The protective effects of hydrogen sulfide (HS) against ischemic brain injury and its role in promoting angiogenesis have been established. However, the specific mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. This study is designed to investigate the regulatory impact and mechanism of HS on VEGFR2 phosphorylation.

Hydrogen Sulfide Protects against Rat Ischemic Brain Injury by Promoting RhoA Phosphorylation at Serine 188.

The protective role of hydrogen sulfide against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involves the inhibition of the RhoA-/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) pathway. However, the specific mechanism remains elusive. This study investigates the impact of hydrogen sulfide on RhoA phosphorylation at serine 188 (Ser188) in vivo, aiming to test the hypothesis that hydrogen sulfide exerts neuroprotection by enhancing RhoA phosphorylation at Ser188, subsequently inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway.

RNA sequencing identifies key genes involved in intramuscular fat deposition in chickens at different developmental stages.

Background: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important factor in meat quality, and triglyceride (TG) and Phospholipids (PLIP), as the main components of IMF, are of great significance to the improvement of meat quality.

Results: In this study, we used 30 RNA sequences generated from the transcriptome of chicken breast muscle tissues at different developmental stages to construct a gene expression matrix to map RNA sequence reads to the chicken genome and identify the transcript of origin. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and identified 27 co-expression modules, 10 of which were related to TG and PLIP.

Flavonoids and ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation: Focus on the glial cells.

Ischemic stroke is one of the most cases worldwide, with high rate of morbidity and mortality. In the pathological process of ischemic stroke, neuroinflammation is an essential process that defines the functional prognosis. After stroke onset, microglia, astrocytes and the infiltrating immune cells contribute to a complicated neuroinflammation cascade and play the complicated roles in the pathophysiological variations of ischemic stroke.

HS Regulates the Phenotypic Transformation of Astrocytes Following Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion via Inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK Pathway.

The role of hydrogen sulfide (HS) on the phenotypic change of astrocytes following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice was investigated in present study. We tested the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), A2 phenotype marker S100a10, and A1 phenotype marker C3 protein and assessed the change of BrdU/GFAP-positive cells, GFAP/C3-positive cells, and GFAP/S100a10-positive cells in mice hippocampal tissues to evaluate the change of astrocyte phenotypes following cerebral I/R. The role of HS on the phenotypic change of astrocytes following cerebral I/R in mice was investigated by using HS synthase cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) knockout mice (KO).

Uniformly Hybrid Surface Containing Adjustable Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Components Obtained by Programmed Strain for Synergistic Anti-Icing.

Sufficient efforts have been put into the design of anti-icing materials to eliminate the icing hazard. Among the currently approved anti-icing concepts, hydrophilic/hydrophobic hybrid anti-icing materials inspired by antifreeze proteins show excellent properties in inhibiting ice nucleation, inhibiting ice crystal growth, and reducing ice adhesion. However, it is still a great challenge to accurately regulate the hydrophilic and hydrophobic hybrid components of the coating surface to clarify the synergistic mechanism.

Stretchable, Programmable and Magnet-Insensitive Protonic Display Based on Integrated Ionic Circuit.

As a new approach to "More than Moore", integrated ionic circuits serve as a possible alternative to traditional electronic circuits, yet the integrated ionic circuit composed of functional ionic elements and ionic connections is still challenging. Herein, a stretchable and transparent ionic display module of the integrated ionic circuit has been successfully prepared and demonstrated by pixelating a proton-responsive hydrogel. It is programmed to excite the hydrogel color change by a Faraday process occurring at the electrode at the specific pixel points, which enables the display of digital information and even color information.

Enhancing impacts of mesoscale eddies on Southern Ocean temperature variability and extremes.

As a major sink of anthropogenic heat and carbon, the Southern Ocean experienced pronounced warming with increasing extreme temperature events over the past decades. Mesoscale eddies that strongly influence the uptake, redistribution, and storage of heat in the ocean are expected to play important roles in these changes, yet observational evidence remains limited. Here, we employ a comprehensive analysis of over 500,000 historical hydrographic profile measurements combined with satellite-based eddy observations to show enhanced thermal eddy imprints in the Southern Ocean.

Biomimetic Ion Channel Regulation for Temperature-Pressure Decoupled Tactile Perception.

The perception of temperature and pressure of skin plays a vital role in joint movement, hand grasp, emotional expression, and self-protection of human. Among many biomimetic materials, ionic gels are uniquely suited to simulate the function of skin due to its ionic transport mechanism. However, both the temperature and pressure sensing are heavily dependent on the changes in ionic conductivity, making it impossible to decouple the temperature and pressure signals.

A grooved conduit combined with decellularized tissues for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common and severe clinical disease worldwide, which leads to a poor prognosis because of the complicated treatments and high morbidity. Autologous nerve grafting as the gold standard still cannot meet the needs of clinical nerve transplantation because of its low availability and limited size. The development of artificial nerve conduits was led to a novel direction for PNI treatment, while most of the currently developed artificial nerve conduits was lack biochemical cues to promote nerve regeneration.

The role of RhoA/ROCK pathway in the ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation.

It is widely known that ischemic stroke is the prominent cause of death and disability. To date, neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke represents a complex event, which is an essential process and affects the prognosis of both experimental stroke animals and stroke patients. Intense neuroinflammation occurring during the acute phase of stroke contributes to neuronal injury, BBB breakdown, and worse neurological outcomes.

A clustering-optimized segmentation algorithm and application on food quality detection.

For solving the problem of quality detection in the production and processing of stuffed food, this paper suggests a small neighborhood clustering algorithm to segment the frozen dumpling image on the conveyor belt, which can effectively improve the qualified rate of food quality. This method builds feature vectors by obtaining the image's attribute parameters. The image is segmented by a distance function between categories using a small neighborhood clustering algorithm based on sample feature vectors to calculate the cluster centers.

Protection of HS against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Rat Hippocampal Neurons through Inhibiting Phosphorylation of ROCK at Thr436 and Ser575.

Background: HS (hydrogen sulfide) protects cerebral vasodilatation and endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury via the inhibition of the RhoA-ROCK pathway and ROCK expression. However, the inhibitory mechanism of HS on ROCK expression is still unclear. The study aimed to investigate the target and mechanism of HS in inhibition of ROCK.

Antifreezing, Adhesive, and Ultra-Stretchable Ionogel for AI-Enabled Motion Tracking and Recognition in Winter Sports.

Motion tracking and recognition are gaining increasing attention in athletes' training for winter sports due to their importance in posture correction and injury prevention. Electronic skin serves as a better candidate compared to vision-based methods. However, the challenges of its application include sensing materials with good stretchability, softness, anti-freeze, non-volatility, and adhesion, and data processing techniques of high intelligence and efficiency.

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-based neuroinflammation-induced astrocyte polarization after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based neuroinflammation following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) on the genotypic transformation of reactive astrocytes and its relationship with endogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS) were investigated in present study. We found that LPS promoted the cerebral I/R-induced A1 astrocytes proliferation in mouse hippocampal tissues and deteriorated the reduction of hydrogen sulfide (HS) content in mouse sera, HS donor NaHS could inhibit A1 astrocytes proliferation. Similarly, knockout of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), one of endogenous HS synthases, likewise up-regulated the cerebral I/R-induced A1 astrocytes proliferation, which could also be blocked by NaHS.

Total flavones of Rhododendron induce the transformation of A1/A2 astrocytes via promoting the release of CBS-produced HS.

Background: We previously found that total flavones of Rhododendron (TFR) protected against the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. But the detailed mechanism is not clear. Recent research revealed that reactive astrocytes were divided into A1 and A2 phenotypes for their morphological and functional remodeling and neurotoxic- vs-neuroprotective effect on the injury of the central nervous system (CNS).

Thermal Nociception of Ionic Skin: TRPV1 Ion Channel-Inspired Heat-Activated Dynamic Ionic Liquid.

The artificial reproduction of the tactile sensory function of natural skin is crucial for intelligent sensing, human-computer interaction, and medical health. Thermal nociception is an essential human tactile function to avoid noxious thermal stimuli, which depends on the specific heat-activation of the TRPV1 ion channel. Inspired by the TRPV1, a dynamic ionic liquid with heat-activation characteristics is designed and prepared, which can be activated at 45 °C, which is near the physiological noxious temperature, accompanied by a steep rise in electrical response signals.

Piezoelectric-enhanced photocatalytic performance of porous carbon nitride nanosheets.

Through the utilisation of mechanical energy, piezocatalysis and piezophotocatalysis have emerged as promising strategies to tackle the current energy and environmental issues. In this work, porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) nanosheets were synthesised via a novel self-templating process followed by ultrasonic exfoliation to produce materials with a thickness of 1.5-2 nm and a high specific surface area of 59.

study of decellularized rat tissues for nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injuries cause an absence or destruction of nerves. Decellularized nerves, acting as a replacement for autografts, have been investigated in the promotion of nerve repair and regeneration, always being incorporated with stem cells or growth factors. However, such a strategy is limited by size availability.

Protection against Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury of Hippocampal Neurons by HS via Promoting Phosphorylation of ROCK at Tyr722 in Rat Model.

The RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway is associated with the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide (HS) against cerebral ischemia. HS protects rat hippocampal neurons (RHNs) against hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury by promoting phosphorylation of RhoA at Ser188. However, effect of HS on the phosphorylation of ROCK-related sites is unclear.

Roles of the RhoA-ROCK Signaling Pathway in the Endothelial HS Production and Vasodilation in Rat Cerebral Arteries.

Cerebral endothelial HS protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through vasodilation, but its cerebral vasodilation mechanism and regulation of production are poorly understood. The RhoA-ROCK pathway plays important roles in vascular function. In this study, the roles of this pathway in the endothelial HS production and vasodilation in rat cerebral arteries were investigated.

Nano-porous Al/Au skeleton to support MnO with enhanced performance and electrodeposition adhesion for flexible supercapacitors.

A nano-porous Al/Au skeleton is constructed to effectively improve the utilization rate of the active MnO and the overall adhesion between the current collector and MnO in an electrodeposition system. The Al/Au current collector is prepared by first forming a nano-porous structure on the surface of Al foil through etching modification, and subsequently coating an ultra-thin Au layer onto the Al foil. The active MnO is electrodeposited on the Al/Au current collector to fabricate a novel Al/Au/MnO electrode.