Understanding the Past to Preserve the Future: Genomic Insights Into the Conservation Management of a Critically Endangered Waterbird.

To ensure the success of genetic rescue, we must minimise the potential negative effects of outbreeding depression that may arise from selecting source populations. The difficulty in assessing the likelihood of outbreeding depression has hindered its consideration in endangered species conservation. However, genomic research offers feasible indications.

Biliary atresia with ectopic thyroid in the porta hepatis: a case report and literature review.

Background: Ectopic thyroid is a rare disease, with ectopic thyroid in the porta hepatis being extremely rare. We present a rare case involving an infant with biliary atresia (BA) wherein ectopic thyroid tissue was incidentally discovered in the porta hepatis after the Kasai operation.

Case Description: A 2-month-old boy initially presented with jaundice, manifesting as yellow skin and sclera, on the first day following birth.

Associative Learning-Induced Synaptic Potentiation at the Two Major Hippocampal CA1 Inputs for Cued Memory Acquisition.

Learning-associated functional plasticity at hippocampal synapses remains largely unexplored. Here, in a single session of reward-based trace conditioning, we examine learning-induced synaptic plasticity in the dorsal CA1 hippocampus (dCA1). Local field-potential recording combined with selective optogenetic inhibition first revealed an increase of dCA1 synaptic responses to the conditioned stimulus (CS) induced during conditioning at both Schaffer collaterals to the stratum radiatum (Rad) and temporoammonic input to the lacunosum moleculare (LMol).

Promoting application of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols during perioperative localized abdominal and thoracic neuroblastomas.

Aim: To investigate the safety and efficacy of the application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in the perioperative period of abdominal and thoracic localized neuroblastomas (NBs).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 68 children with NBs who underwent surgical resection of the tumor were enrolled. The ERAS protocols for NB excision were implemented in the ERAS group (n = 39) and the consequences were compared with children treated with traditional care (n = 29, TRAD group).

Cellulose nanocrystal-infused polymer hydrogel imbued with ferric-manganese oxide nanoparticles for efficient antinomy removal.

Antimony is a highly poisonous pollutant that needs to be removed from water to ensured safety. In this work, we have fabricated a novel adsorbent, the ferric-manganese oxide (FeMnO) nanoparticles embedded cellulose nanocrystal-based polymer hydrogel (FeMnO @CNC-g-PAA/qP4VP, denoted as FMO@CPqP), specifically engineered for the remediation of antimony-laden water. Comprehensive evaluations have been conducted to investigate the efficacy of the FMO@CPqP hydrogel in removal of antimony from water.

Exploring causality with biliary atresia at different levels: two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: In recent years, Mendelian randomization (MR) has been widely used to infer causality of related disease risk exposures. However, this strategy has not been applied to biliary atresia (BA).

Methods: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data of 41 inflammatory cytokines, 731 immune cell traits, and 1400 metabolites were obtained from public databases as exposure factors.

[Changes in mild cognitive impairment and sociodemographic disparity among adults aged 55 years and above in 4 provinces of China].

Objective: To investigate the changes in mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and sociodemographic disparity among adults aged 55 years and above in 4 provinces of China.

Methods: A total of 4687 adults aged 55 years and above from Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease who did not have Alzheimer's disease, participated in both rounds of the survey, and had complete baseline sociodemographic data and two rounds of data on cognitive function were selected. Generalized estimation equations were used to analyse the effect of sociodemographic factors on MCI.

Cellulose nanocrystal-based polymer hydrogel embedded with iron oxide nanorods for efficient arsenic removal.

A cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) polymer hydrogel containing magnetic iron oxide nanorods (FeONRs) was prepared for As(III) removal in water. Systematic studies on the performance of these prepared CNC-based composite hydrogels for the removal of As(III) have been undertaken. The maximum adsorption capacity of the CNC-g-PAA/qP4VP (CPqP) hydrogel was 241.

Effect of Kasai procedure on liver transplantation in children with biliary atresia: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis.

Background: Kasai procedure and liver transplantation are effective ways to save the life of children with biliary atresia (BA). However, with the gradual development of liver transplantation technology, scholars have questioned the necessity of the Kasai procedure. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of previous Kasai procedures on liver transplantation in children with BA.

GenX analogs exposure induced greater hepatotoxicity than GenX mainly via activation of PPARα pathway while caused hepatomegaly in the absence of PPARα in female mice.

Despite their use as substitutes for perfluorooctanoic acid, the potential toxicities of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, commercial name: GenX) and its analogs (PFDMOHxA, PFDMO2HpA, and PFDMO2OA) remain poorly understood. To assess the hepatotoxicity of these chemicals on females, each chemical was orally administered to female C57BL/6 mice at the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg/d for 28 d.

Gestational age-specific hematological features in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background: This study aimed to investigate gestational age-specific hematological features in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and identify predictive hematological biomarkers for surgical NEC.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study comparing gestational age (GA)-specific clinical data between medical NEC (m-NEC) and surgical NEC (s-NEC) subgroups, stratified by GA as <28 weeks, 28 ≤ GA < 32 weeks, and 32 ≤ GA < 37 weeks. Multivariate logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to identify the independent predictors of s-NEC.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of the gut microbiota and its metabolite butyrate in children with biliary atresia.

Purpose: To determine the prevalent microbiological profile of biliary atresia (BA) patients at the time of its occurrence by studying their intestinal flora.

Methods: A total of 118 gut microbiota samples from three groups of 43 BA patients, 33 disease controls (DC) with other cholestatic diseases and 42 healthy controls (HC), were analyzed by deep mining of public data. Subsequently, a total of 23 fecal samples from three groups of clinically collected patients (11 BA, 6 DC and 6 HC) were sequenced for 16S rRNA gene amplification and analyzed for serum butyrate (BU) level by liquid chromatography.

Development and post-Kasai procedure prognostic relevance of histological features for biliary atresia.

Objectives: To validate an appropriate evaluation method of liver fibrosis assessment based on the unique pathological features of biliary atresia (BA) that could well predict its prognosis.

Methods: A total of 68 patients with BA who underwent Kasai procedure (KP) and an intraoperative liver biopsy, followed up from January 2019 to December 2021, were recruited in a retrospective analysis. Ishak, Metavir, and BA-specific staging systems in relation to outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression, COX proportional hazard regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, etc.

Multiple Trajectories of Cereal Consumption and Their Associations with Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Adults - China, 1997-2018.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Consuming refined grains, specifically white rice, elevates the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Conversely, incorporating whole grains into the diet is linked to a reduced risk.

What Is Added By This Report?: This study employed a novel multi-trajectory modeling technique to account for the intercorrelations among various cereal consumption patterns.

Targeted LC-MS/MS profiling of bile acids reveals primary/secondary bile acid ratio as a novel biomarker for necrotizing enterocolitis.

Bile acids (BAs) are involved in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which mainly occurs in preterm infants. We aim to identify the change of BAs in preterm infants and validate its potential value in the detection of NEC. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to measure the plasma BAs in healthy preterm infants and patients with NEC.

Assessing the impact of a 6-year health sciences enrichment program for underrepresented minority youth on healthcare workforce diversity, career path, and public health.

Background: Improving the quality of care for a diverse population requires a diverse healthcare workforce which necessitates high educational attainment among underrepresented communities. Programs aimed to address healthcare workforce diversity gaps also serve as a public health intervention by offering avenues to improve the health of local communities by providing students with the knowledge and skills to promote healthy behaviors, foster scientific literacy, and inspire future public health professionals - who in turn serve their local communities to advance health outcomes. We interviewed alumni of the New York Presbyterian Hospital Lang Youth Medical Program (LYMP), a high school health sciences mentoring and enrichment program for underrepresented minority youth in Upper Manhattan, from graduating classes between 2012 and 2021 to explore their perspectives on what aspects of the program had the most impact on their academic and career paths.

Novel mutation c.2090_2091del in neurodevelopmental-craniofacial syndrome with variable renal and cardiac abnormalities in an 18.5-mo-old boy: A case report.

Background: Neurodevelopmental-craniofacial syndrome with variable renal and cardiac abnormalities (NECRC) is a rare, autosomal, dominant neurological disorder caused by mutations in the gene. To date, the clinical and functional characteristics of the novel mutation c.2090_2091del have not yet been reported.

RNA N6-methyladenosine reader IGF2BP3 interacts with MYCN and facilitates neuroblastoma cell proliferation.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a kind of typical life-threatening extracranial tumor in children. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is closely related to multiple cancer pathological processes. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is a top-ranked prognostic risk gene in NB; however, its function is uncertain.

Sex differences in learning and performing the Go/NoGo tasks.

Background: The quality of learning and post-learning performances is critical for daily life. The behavioral flexibility is equally important for adapting the changing circumstances. The learning process requires repeated practices, which enhances prompt and proper behavioral responses, in turn, which promotes habits formation as well.

Reduction of absolute monocyte counts is associated with the severity of preterm necrotizing enterocolitis.

Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is characterized by a rich infiltration of macrophages in the intestines, which is derived from monocytes in the blood. The authors aimed to explore the changing trend of absolute monocyte counts (AMC) over time in NEC infants and to verify whether the reduction of AMC correlates with the severity of NEC and whether it can be used to identify infants who need surgery.

Method: The authors collected the clinical data of 66 control and 222 NEC infants.

Bile acid metabolism disorder mediates hepatotoxicity of Nafion by-product 2 and perfluorooctane sulfonate in male PPARα-KO mice.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Nafion by-product 2 (H-PFMO2OSA) induce hepatotoxicity in male mice via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) pathway; however, accumulating evidence suggests that PPARα-independent pathways also play a vital role in hepatotoxicity after exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Thus, to assess the hepatotoxicity of PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA more comprehensively, adult male wild-type (WT) and PPARα knockout (PPARα-KO) mice were exposed to PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA (1 or 5 mg/kg/d) for 28 d via oral gavage. Results showed that although elevations in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were alleviated in PPARα-KO mice, liver injury, including liver enlargement and necrosis, was still observed after PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA exposure.

First complete genomic sequence analysis of porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) in wild boars.

Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4), a unique circovirus with a different classification from other existing circovirus, was discovered in domestic pigs in several provinces of China. In this study, in order to investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of PCV4 in wild boars (Sus scrofa), a total number of 138 wild boar samples were collected from five different areas in Jiangxi Province of China, between January 2020 and December 2020. Taqman based real-time PCR were used to test PCV4 as well as PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3.