Functional L-Arginine Derivative as an Efficient Vector for Intracellular Protein Delivery for Potential Cancer Therapy.

The utilization of cytosolic protein delivery is a promising approach for treating various diseases by replacing dysfunctional proteins. Despite the development of various nanoparticle-based intracellular protein delivery methods, the complicated chemical synthesis of the vector, loading efficiency and endosomal escape efficiency of proteins remain a great challenge. Recently, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-modified amino acid derivatives have been used to self-assemble into supramolecular nanomaterials for drug delivery.

Self-assembled D-arginine derivatives based on click chemical reactions for intracellular codelivery of antigens and adjuvants for potential immunotherapy.

Self-assembled amino acid derivatives could form well-defined nanostructures which have great application value for drug delivery systems. In particular, D-amino acid derivatives possess tremendous advantages including anti-degradation and good lysosome escape compared with L-amino acid derivatives. In this work, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) neighboring D-arginine derivatives were replaced by dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) to extend the class of functional D-arginine derivatives, which were further reacted with various cross-linkers including azide to construct a library of self-assembled supramolecular nanovehicles and strengthen the stability of nanostructures for disease immunotherapy.

[Temporary acid exposure promotes normal human esophageal epithelial cell proliferation and ERK expression in vitro].

Objective: To observe the effects of temporary acid exposure on cell proliferation and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activity in normal human esophageal epithelial cells in vitro.

Methods: Normal human esophageal epithelial cells cultured in vitro were exposed to acidic media (pH 4.0-6.

Influence of acid and bile acid on ERK activity, PPARgamma expression and cell proliferation in normal human esophageal epithelial cells.

Aim: To observe the effects of acid and bile acid exposure on cell proliferation and the expression of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in normal human esophageal epithelial cells in vitro.

Methods: In vitro cultured normal human esophageal epithelial cells were exposed to acidic media (pH 4.0-6.