Advances in the Application of AI Robots in Critical Care: Scoping Review.

Background: In recent epochs, the field of critical medicine has experienced significant advancements due to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). Specifically, AI robots have evolved from theoretical concepts to being actively implemented in clinical trials and applications. The intensive care unit (ICU), known for its reliance on a vast amount of medical information, presents a promising avenue for the deployment of robotic AI, anticipated to bring substantial improvements to patient care.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on treatment outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre study.

As the search for effective treatments for COVID-19 continues, the high mortality rate among critically ill patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) presents a profound challenge. This study explores the potential benefits of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a supplementary treatment for severe COVID-19. A total of 110 critically ill COVID-19 patients at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Vulcan Hill Hospital between Feb.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related molecular markers predict prognosis in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Therapeutic approaches for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) are limited, due to insufficient understanding to biomarkers related to prognosis and drug response. Here, we comprehensively assess the molecular characterization of EHCC with clinical implications.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 37 tissue samples of EHCC were performed to evaluate genomic alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI).

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes regulate microglia phenotypes: a promising treatment for acute central nervous system injury.

There is growing evidence that long-term central nervous system (CNS) inflammation exacerbates secondary deterioration of brain structures and functions and is one of the major determinants of disease outcome and progression. In acute CNS injury, brain microglia are among the first cells to respond and play a critical role in neural repair and regeneration. However, microglial activation can also impede CNS repair and amplify tissue damage, and phenotypic transformation may be responsible for this dual role.

A Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Oncogenic Role of WD Repeat Domain 74 in Multiple Tumors.

Although emerging patient-derived samples and cellular-based evidence support the relationship between WDR74 (WD Repeat Domain 74) and carcinogenesis in multiple cancers, no systematic pan-cancer analysis is available. Our preliminary research demonstrated that WDR74 is over-expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and related with worse survival. We thus investigated the potential oncogenic roles of WDR74 across 33 tumors based on the database of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus).

The Study on the Regulation of Th Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway to Protect Naturally Aged Sepsis Model Rats.

Sepsis is the leading cause of death among patients, especially elderly patients, in intensive care units worldwide. In this study, we established a sepsis model using naturally aged rats and injected 5×10 umbilical cord-derived MSCs the tail vein. Each group of rats was analyzed for survival, examined for biochemical parameters, stained for organ histology, and analyzed for the Th cell subpopulation ratio and inflammatory cytokine levels by flow cytometry.

Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing identifies a signature based on B cell marker genes to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma.

As an essential component of the tumor microenvironment, B cells exist in all stages of tumor and exert important roles in anti-tumor immunity and shaping tumor development. We aimed to explore the expression profile of B cell marker genes and construct a prognostic signature based on these genes in Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). A total of 1268 LUAD patients from different cohorts were enrolled in this study.

Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokine Storms by Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in preclinical and clinical trials for various diseases and have shown great potential in the treatment of sepsis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Inflammatory factors play vital roles in the pathogenesis of diseases. The interaction between inflammatory factors is extremely complex.

A calcium phosphate drug carrier loading with 5-fluorouracil achieving a synergistic effect for pancreatic cancer therapy.

Calcium based biomaterials were widely used for drug delivery application due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high drug loading capacity. Herein, amino-capped polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer was applied as a macromolecular template to form amino-modified calcium phosphate hollow sphere (CaPO-NH). After loading with 5-fluorouracil (5Fu), this system performed synergistic cancer chemotherapy.

CDK7 blockade suppresses super-enhancer-associated oncogenes in bladder cancer.

Purpose: Transcriptional addiction plays a pivotal role in maintaining the hallmarks of cancer cells. Thus, targeting super-enhancers (SEs), which modulate the transcriptional activity of oncogenes, has become an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. As yet, however, the molecular mechanisms of this process in bladder cancer (BC) remain to be elucidated.

The role of in colorectal cancer: from carcinogenesis to clinical management.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor that affects people worldwide. Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of () in colorectal carcinoma tissue; many studies have indicated that is closely related to the colorectal carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide the latest information to reveal the related molecular mechanisms.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitor THZ1 in cancer therapy.

Current cancer therapies have encountered adverse response due to poor therapeutic efficiency, severe side effects and acquired resistance to multiple drugs. Thus, there are urgent needs for finding new cancer-targeted pharmacological strategies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding with THZ1, a covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), which demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity against different cancer types.

Baicalin Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion in Mesothelioma.

BACKGROUND Baicalin, one of the main bioactive components extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine baical Skullcap root, has an anti-tumor activity which had been studied in several cancers. However, its role in human mesothelioma remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor mechanisms of baicalin in the mesothelioma cell line MESO924.

Comparative efficacy of targeted maintenance therapy for newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer: a network meta-analysis.

The number of published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using targeted maintenance therapy for newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer is increasing. Our objective was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of each maintenance therapy using a network meta-analysis. A systematic search for RCTs was conducted using Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL databases followed by a Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Continuity of transcriptomes among colorectal cancer subtypes based on meta-analysis.

Background: Previous approaches to defining subtypes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and other cancers based on transcriptomes have assumed the existence of discrete subtypes. We analyze gene expression patterns of colorectal tumors from a large number of patients to test this assumption and propose an approach to identify potentially a continuum of subtypes that are present across independent studies and cohorts.

Results: We examine the assumption of discrete CRC subtypes by integrating 18 published gene expression datasets and > 3700 patients, and contrary to previous reports, find no evidence to support the existence of discrete transcriptional subtypes.

Inherited DNA-Repair Defects in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) heritability has been estimated to be around 30%. However, mutations in the known CRC-susceptibility genes explain CRC risk in fewer than 10% of affected individuals. Germline mutations in DNA-repair genes (DRGs) have recently been reported in CRC, but their contribution to CRC risk is largely unknown.

Mutations Contribute to Acquired Cetuximab Resistance in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Mutations in are considered to be the main drivers of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the potential role of other genes downstream of the EGFR signaling pathway in conferring acquired resistance has not been extensively investigated. Using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with mCRC and with acquired cetuximab resistance, we developed a targeted amplicon ultra-deep sequencing method to screen for low-abundance somatic mutations in a panel of genes that encode components of the EGFR signaling pathway.

Association Between Plasma Levels of Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 Before Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer and Mortality.

Background & Aims: Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have high circulating levels of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC1 or growth differentiation factor 15), a marker of inflammation that might be involved in carcinogenesis. We analyzed blood samples collected from individuals before they were diagnosed with CRC to determine whether levels of MIC1 were associated with mortality.

Methods: We collected data on survival of 618 participants diagnosed with CRC who provided prediagnosis blood specimens in 1990 (Nurses' Health Study) and 1994 (Health Professionals' Follow-up Study) and were followed through 2010.

LIN28 cooperates with WNT signaling to drive invasive intestinal and colorectal adenocarcinoma in mice and humans.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. LIN28A and LIN28B are highly related RNA-binding protein paralogs that regulate biogenesis of let-7 microRNAs and influence development, metabolism, tissue regeneration, and oncogenesis. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of either LIN28 paralog cooperates with the Wnt pathway to promote invasive intestinal adenocarcinoma in murine models.

Morules with optically clear nuclei in ovarian borderline endometrioid tumor.

Optically clear nuclei (OCN) have been observed in morules of some neoplasms and in some conditions unrelated to the development of the morules. We first report a case of ovarian borderline endometrioid tumor (BET) showing the morules associated with OCN. The patient was a 47-year-old premenopausal woman with a left ovarian cystic tumor, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and elevated serum levels of FSH, LH, estradiol, and CA 125.

Alterations of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin and beta-catenin expression in neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gastrointestinal tract comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. These tumors strongly differ from each other on the basis of different pathogenetic, clinical, functional, histological, and prognostic patterns. Previous studies have shown that abnormal and reduced expression of the E-cadherin/catenin complex in several human cancers is associated with tumor dedifferentiation, advanced clinical stages, and poor survival rate.