The total biosynthesis route of rosmarinic acid in Sarcandra glabra based on transcriptome sequencing.

Sarcandra glabra is a widely distributed and valuable plant in food and daily chemical industries, and is also a common-used medicinal plant for treating inflammatory diseases and tumors. Rosmarinic acid (RA) with significant pharmacological activity is an abundant and important constituent in S. glabra, however, little information about key enzymes involving the biosynthesis of RA in S.

The parallel biosynthesis routes of hyperoside from naringenin in .

Hyperoside is a bioactive flavonoid galactoside in both medicinal and edible plants. It plays an important physiological role in the growth of flower buds. However, the hyperoside biosynthesis pathway has not been systematically elucidated in plants, including its original source, Hypericaceae.

Functional characterization of a Flavonol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase and two UDP-rhamnose synthases from Hypericum monogynum.

Rhamnosyltransferase (RT) and rhamnose synthase (Rhs) are the key enzymes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of rhamnosides and UDP-l-rhamnose (UDP-Rha) in plants, respectively. How to discover such enzymes efficiently for use is still a problem to be solved. Here, we identified HmF3RT, HmRhs1, and HmRhs2 from Hypericum monogynum, which is abundant in flavonol rhamnosides, with the help of a full-length and high throughput transcriptome sequencing platform.

Natural and Pseudonatural Lindenane Heterodimers from by Molecular Networking.

Sarglaoxolane A (), the first lindenane-normonoterpene heterodimer fused by tetrahydrofuran, was discovered in guided by the first proposed single-node-based molecular networking approach. Moreover, two pseudonatural derivatives ( and ) with an oxa-difuranofurone moiety were transformed from and confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and also proven to exist in the plant extract. A combination of molecular networking and biomimetic transformation can significantly promote the discovery and structural elucidation of novel natural products.

Diverse acyclic diterpene derivatives from Aphanamixis sinensis.

Fifteen diterpene derivatives including seven new ones, sinensisins A-G (1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 15), were obtained from the leaves and twigs of Aphanamixis sinensis. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic and ECD data analyses. These diverse carbon skeletons containing meroditerpenoids, acyclic diterpenes, and norditerpenoids biogenetically were derived from chain-like diterpenes.

Integrated molecular networking strategy enhance the accuracy and visualization of components identification: A case study of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract.

Molecular networking (MN) is an efficient tool for natural product research. However, single MN might lead to false annotation due to the limited information, and the importance of combining MN with chromatogram is always ignored. In this study, we proposed a comprehensive MN strategy combining feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) and dual ionization mode MS/MS to improve the annotation accuracy and to achieve structural feature visualization in a chemotaxonomic chromatogram.

Four New Limonoids from the Barks of Toona ciliata.

Four new limonoids, toonayunnanaes F - I (1 - 4), and six known compounds (5 - 10) were isolated from the barks of Toona ciliata. Their structures were elucidated by thoroughly analyzing of NMR and HRMS data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction of 1. The oxetane ring moiety in 1 was rare in limonoids and other natural products.

MS diagnostic model and rapid distinguishing of bioactive limonoids in fruits of Melia toosendan using solid-phase extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS.

Introduction: Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. has been used as a Chinese folk medicine for roundworm treatment since ancient times.

LIN28B/IRS1 axis is targeted by miR-30a-5p and promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer.

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a potential oncogene that has been implicated in several malignant tumors. However, the regulatory mechanism of IRS1 remains to be investigated. The aim of our current study is to unveil the mechanism by which IRS1 exerts functions in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Ciliatasecones A-C, three rearranged limonoids from Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis.

Ciliatasecones A-C (1-3), three rearranged limonoids with a novel ring-seco model and an unprecedented cycle system, were isolated from the root bark of Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis. Ciliatasecones A-B (1-2) share a novel cyclopenta[b]furan ring C/D system through C-9/11-seco and C-11/14 ether linkage.

[Mechanism of polycomb Bmi1-targeted therapy for colorectal cancer].

Objective: To investigate the Bmi1 protein level in human colorectal cancer specimen and associated clinicopathological parameters, and to determine the influence of Bmi1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells.

Methods: Bmi1 protein level was assessed in 85 patients with colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissue by immunohistochemistry. SW480 cells were transfected with Bmi siRNA plasmid.

Proteomics-based identification of a group of apoptosis-related proteins and biomarkers in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the one of the most common types of cancer in Asia. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying GC, and to seek new markers of tumor progression, we used a proteomics strategy to analyze the protein expression patterns in matched pairs of GC tissue and normal gastric mucosa of 8 GC patients. Comparative proteomic analysis, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), revealed that 32 protein spots showed a >2-fold difference in intensity between tumor and normal tissues.

Identification of transgelin-2 as a biomarker of colorectal cancer by laser capture microdissection and quantitative proteome analysis.

To search for potential protein markers of colorectal cancer (CRC), the changes in protein expression levels between microdissected tumor cells and normal mucosa epithelia were analyzed by an acetylation stable isotopic labeling method coupled with linear quadrupole ion trap fourier transform mass spectrometry (LTQ-FTMS). In total, 137 proteins were up-regulated or down-regulated significantly in cancer by at least two-fold. Based on gene ontology analysis, the largest part of differential proteins were unknown for both subcellular localization and biological process.

[Clinical value of screening hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in China with protocol recommended by NCCN guidelines].

Objective: To investigate the effect of the protocol recommended by NCCN-2007 on the diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in China.

Methods: NCCN protocol consists of identifying HNPCC characteristics according to the revised Bethesda Guidelines,genetic counseling with immunohistochemistry and finally genetic testing. Four hundred and nineteen patients diagnosed as colorectal cancer from January 2002 to February 2006 were selected.

Homeoprotein Cdx2 and nuclear PTEN expression profiles are related to gastric cancer prognosis.

The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of Cdx2 and nuclear PTEN in relation to clinicopathological features of gastric cancer tissue biopsies in order to determine the value of a combined analysis of Cdx2 and nuclear PTEN expression in distinguishing histological types and prognosis of gastric cancers. The expression of Cdx2 and nuclear PTEN was studied using immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 99 patients who underwent radical D2 gastrectomy between 1999 and 2001. Cdx2 and nuclear PTEN expression were detected in 39.

The role of cyclooxygenase-2/prostanoid pathway in visceral pain induced liver stress response in rats.

Background: Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of prostanoids from arachidonic acid. COX-2 is the inducible enzyme in the COX family, together with the prostanoids forms the COX-2/prostanoid pathway. Research showed that the COX-2/prostanoid pathway is activated in hepatic diseases and liver stress reaction, such as fibrogenesis, portal hypertension, carcinogenesis, and ischemic/reperfusion injury.

[Effect of tumor burden on differentiation of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer].

Objective: To analyze the effect of tumor burden on the differentiation of T1 and T2 cells and its implication in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from 20 patients with primary colorectal cancer before and 7 days after the operation, radical operation in 17 patients and palliative resection in 3 patients. Twenty sex and age-matched patients with benign diseases treated in the same period were used as controls.

[Correlation between Stat3 signal transduction pathway and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in colorectal cancer cells].

Objective: To explore the expression of Stat3 signal transduction pathway and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colorectal cancer cells and their correlation with the clinicopathological parameters of colorectal cancer, and to reveal the mechanism of Stat3 signal transduction pathway regulating the expression of cCOX-2 in colorectal cancer cells.

Methods: RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Stat3 and COX-2 and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of Stat3 and COX-2 in 50 specimens excised during operation from 50 patients with colorectal cancer aged 58 (37-75). Human colorectal cancer cells of the HT-29 strain were cultured.

[Molecular mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in inhibition of proliferation of colon cancer cells by modulating Stat5 signal transduction pathway].

Objective: To investigate the role of NS398, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, in proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer, and to reveal the mechanism of inhibiting colon cancer by NS-398 Independent of COX-2.

Methods: Human colon cancer cells of the line SW480 were cultured and then divided into 2 groups: experimental group and control group. NS398 of the concentrations of 12.

[Change in apoptosis and its mechanism in intestinal epithelial cells under oxidative stress].

Objective: To investigate change in apoptosis level and its mechanism of intestinal epithelial cells under oxidative stress.

Methods: HT-29 cells were cultured in vitro, which were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to simulate the intestinal epithelial cells injured by reactive oxidative species. The cells viability was observed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

[The effect of transfecting Stat3beta cDNA on human breast cancer].

Objective: To study the effect of transfecting Stat3beta cDNA on human breast cancer.

Methods: Human breast cancer cells of the line SK-BR-3 were cultured and divided into 3 groups: Stat3beta transfection group (to be transfected with plasmid pIRES-Stat3beta containing Stat3beta by transient transfection technique), lipofectin reagent transfection group pIRES-EGFP transfection group, and control group. The positively transfected cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter.

[Expression and significance of estrogen receptor isoforms in the development of human breast carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the estrogen receptors (ER)alpha and ERbeta expression and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters in human breast carcinoma.

Methods: Samples were obtained from 30 breast carcinoma, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta mRNA.

Results: ERalpha mRNA level was up-regulated in breast carcinoma tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue (t = 7.

Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling pathway in human colorectal carcinoma.

Aim: Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors activated in response to cytokines and growth factors. Constitutive activation of Stat3 has been observed in a growing number of tumor-derived cell lines, as well as tumor specimens from human cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of p-Stat3, activated form of Stat3, and its downstream mediators including cyclin D1 and Bcl-x(L) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and to explore the possible mechanism of Stat3 signaling pathway in the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma.

[Effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398 on 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy and progression of colon cells: an experimental study].

Objective: To investigate the effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor NS-398 on 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) chemotherapy and on the progression of colon cells.

Methods: Colon cancer cells of HT-29 and SW480 lines were cultured. Selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, 5-Fu, or NS-398 combining with 5-Fu were added into the cultures to be co-cultured for 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively.