National Volume-Based Procurement (NVBP) exclusively for insulin: towards affordable access in China and beyond.

Universal access to insulin remains a global public health challenge mainly due to its high price. After unsuccessful healthcare reforms attempting to lower insulin prices over the past several decades, the novel pooled procurement-also known as the national volume-based procurement (NVBP)was initiated exclusively for insulin in China. The NVBP exclusively for insulin represents a unique approach to conquering the challenges in the pooled procurement many low-income and middle-income countries face.

Myocarditis and Pericarditis following COVID-19 Vaccination: Inequalities in Age and Vaccine Types.

An increasing number of myocarditis/pericarditis incidences has been reported after coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccination in adolescents and young adults. This study was designed to investigate the incidence rate of-and risk for-myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination in the United States according to age and vaccine type. This study used the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) from 11 December 2020 to 13 August 2021.

Delivery of healthcare provider's lifestyle advice and lifestyle behavioural change in adults who were overweight or obese in pre-diabetes management in the USA: NHANES (2013-2018).

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between delivery of healthcare provider's advice about lifestyle management and lifestyle behavioural change in pre-diabetes management in adults who were overweight or obese.

Design: This cross-sectional study included adults with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m and reporting pre-diabetes in USA. Outcomes included the prevalence of receiving provider's advice on lifestyle management and patterns of practicing lifestyle change.

Venue of receiving diabetes self-management education and training and its impact on oral diabetic medication adherence.

Aims: To determine predictors associated with the diabetes self-management education and training (DSME) venue and its impact on oral antidiabetic (OAD) medication adherence.

Methods: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey household component (MEPS-HC) data (2010-2012) identified adults with diabetes prescribed OAD medication(s) who completed a supplemental Diabetes Care Survey (DCS). Based on the DCS responses to questions about the number and type of DSME venue(s), two groups were created: (1) multiple venues (a physician or health professional plus internet and/or group classes) vs (2) single venue (physician or health professional only).

Clinical outcomes of levalbuterol versus racemic albuterol in pediatric patients with asthma: Propensity score matching approach in a medicaid population.

Objective: Racemic albuterol and levalbuterol are used to treat acute episodes of asthma. The main objective of this study was to compare levalbuterol therapy to albuterol therapy on incidence rates of subsequent emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations.

Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of asthmatic children who had pharmacy refills for levalbuterol/albuterol in the South Carolina Medicaid database in 2002-2011.

Impact of Depression on Health and Medical Care Utilization and Expenses in US Adults With Migraine: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study.

Background: The association between migraine and depression has been extensively examined and a bidirectional hypothesis of the comorbidity between the 2 diseases has been reported. However, the economic impact of comorbid depression on migraine has not been fully explored.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of depression on medical utilization and health care expenses among subjects reporting migraine.

Safety and Tolerability of Stribild in the Southeast United States.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess postmarketing safety and tolerability of Stribild (elvitegravir [EVG]/cobicistat [COBI]/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF]/emtricitabine [FTC]).

Methods: A retrospective, pharmacoepidemiologic study in 2 outpatient HIV clinics in the Southeast United States was conducted among adults receiving EVG/COBI/TDF/FTC. We evaluated incidence and treatment-related adverse events, including change in serum creatinine (SCr).

Cardiac risks associated with antibiotics: azithromycin and levofloxacin.

Introduction: Azithromycin and levofloxacin have been shown to be efficacious in treating infections. The adverse drug events associated with azithromycin and levofloxacin were considered rare. However, the US FDA released warnings regarding the possible risk of QT prolongation with azithromycin and levofloxacin.