Experimental Feasibility Study of TRAIL Gene Transfected into Neural Stem Cells.

Aim: To investigate the feasibility of transfecting the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene into neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro, and explore whether NSCs retain their proliferative and differentiated activities after transfection.

Material And Methods: NSCs were obtained from fetal mouse brains, cultured in serum-free medium and identified by immunofluorescence staining. Lentivirus vector solution containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was added to the NSCs based on the multiplicity of infection (MOI).

Soil-root interface hydraulic conductance determines responses of photosynthesis to drought in rice and wheat.

Rice (Oryza sativa) production consumes a huge amount of fresh water, and improvement of drought tolerance in rice is important to conserve water resources and minimize yield loss under drought. However, processes to improve drought tolerance in rice have not been fully explored, and a comparative study between rice and wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an effective method to understand the mechanisms determining drought tolerance capacity. In the present study, we applied short-term drought stress to Shanyou 63 rice and Yannong 19 wheat to create a range of water potentials and investigated the responses of gas exchange, plant hydraulic conductance, and root morphological and anatomical traits to soil drought.

Aspartoacylase promotes the process of tumour development and is associated with immune infiltrates in gastric cancer.

Background: Aspartoacylase (ASPA) is a gene that plays an important role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer. However, the clinical relevance of ASPA in gastric cancer (GC) has not been demonstrated.

Methods: The link between ASPA and the clinical features of GC was determined using two public genomic databases.

Advances in Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Challenges and Opportunities.

The oral route is the most preferred route for systemic and local drug delivery. However, the oral drug delivery system faces the harsh physiological and physicochemical environment of the gastrointestinal tract, which limits the bioavailability and targeted design of oral drug delivery system. Innovative pharmaceutical approaches including nanoparticulate formulations, biomimetic drug formulations, and microfabricated devices have been explored to optimize drug targeting and bioavailability.

Immunodeficiencies Push Readmissions in Malignant Tumor Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the Nationwide Readmission Database.

Background: Immunodeficiency diseases (IDDs) are associated with an increased proportion of cancer-related morbidity. However, the relationship between IDDs and malignancy readmissions has not been well described. Understanding this relationship could help us to develop a more reasonable discharge plan in the special tumor population.

Comprehensive genomic profiling of colorectal cancer patients reveals differences in mutational landscapes among clinical and pathological subgroups.

With the widespread of colonoscopy, colorectal cancer remains to be one of the most detrimental types of cancer. Though there were multiple studies investigating the genomic landscape of colorectal cancer, a comprehensive analysis uncovering the differences between various types of colorectal cancer is still lacking. In our study, we performed genomic analysis on 133 patients with colorectal cancer.

Identification of Prognostic LncRNAs Subtypes Predicts Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment for Glioma.

Glioma is the most commonly occurring primary neuroepithelial neoplasm. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as pivotal modulators of gene expression in the immune system and play critical roles in the growth, progression, and immune response of carcinomas. In this study, we performed univariate Cox regression analysis on survival data from TCGA and identified 20 prognostic lncRNAs.

Curcumin ameliorates lipid metabolic disorder and cognitive dysfunction via the ABCA1 transmembrane transport system in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.

The disorder of lipid metabolism, especially cholesterol metabolism, can promote Alzheimer's Disease. Curcumin can ameliorate lipid metabolic disorder in the brain of Alzheimer's Disease patients, while the mechanism is not clear. APP/PS1 (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) double transgenic mice were divided into dementia, low-dose, and high-dose groups and then fed for six months with different dietary concentrations of curcumin.

Association of CSMD1 with Tumor Mutation Burden and Other Clinical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy is considered as a powerful and promising clinical approach for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). However, it is still challenging to precisely screen patients who potentially benefit from immune checkpoint therapy (ICT). Identification of potential biomarkers for selecting patients sensitive to immunotherapy was urgently needed.

Senkyunolide H inhibits activation of microglia and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in BV2 microglia cells via regulating ERK and NF-κB pathway.

Neuropathic pain is one of the common surgical diseases, which leads to abnormal chronic pain and pain hypersensitivity reaction. Microglia are important glial cells in the spinal cord, which are conducive to sensitization and maintenance of chronic pain. Recently, Senkyunolide H (SNH) has been reported to play an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role.

Rs41291957 polymorphism in the promoter region of microRNA‑143 serves as a prognostic biomarker for patients with intracranial hemorrhage.

The present study aimed to investigate the function of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs41291957 in the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of microRNA (miR)‑143, Toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interleukin‑16 (IL‑16) were studied in patients with ICH that carried different alleles in the locus of the rs41291957 SNP. Kaplan‑Meier survival curves were calculated for 182 patients with ICH, genotyped as CC, presenting a cytosine in both chromosome, CT, presenting both variants, and TT, presents a thymine in both chromosomes.

Prevention of Obesity Related Diseases through Laminarin-induced targeted delivery of Bindarit.

The developement of oral targeted therapeutics for obesity and obesity-related diseases is challenging, as these diseases involve multiple lesions distributed throughout the whole body. Herein, we report a successful stragety for targeted oral delivery of bindarit to multiple obesity-related lesions including inflamed adipose tissue, fatty liver and atherosclerotic plaques. The computer simulation from atomstic to mesoscale was first applied for designing bindarit-loaded nanoparticles (pBIN) and laminarin-modified bindarit-loaded nanoparticles (LApBIN).

Correlation Between SNPs at the 3'UTR of the FGF2 Gene and Their Interaction with Environmental Factors in Han Chinese Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients.

FGF2 is a neurotrophic factor that can act as a key regulatory molecule of neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis in various injuries. To explore the genetic background of the FGF2 gene on DPN development, this study analyzed the correlation between SNPs in the 3'UTR of the FGF2 gene and their interaction with environmental factors in DPN patients of Han Chinese nationality. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze the FGF2 genotypes at the rs1048201, rs3804158, rs41348645, rs6854081, rs3747676, rs7683093, rs1476215, and rs1476217 loci in 150 DPN patients, 150 NDPN patients, and 150 healthy control patients.

β-Caryophyllene Liposomes Attenuate Neurovascular Unit Damage After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.

This study was conducted to prepare β-caryophyllene loaded liposomes (BCP-LP) and investigated their effects on neurovascular unit (NVU) damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. A blood injection into the pre-chiasmatic cistern was used to achieve SAH. BCP-LP were prepared, characterized and administrated to rats with SAH.

Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Aggravates Neuronal Injury by Enhancing Neuroinflammation via the JNK/c-Jun Pathway in the Early Phase of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.

Neuronal injury is the primary cause of poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been suggested to be involved in the prognosis of SAH patients. However, the role of APOE in neuronal injury after SAH has not been well studied.

Curcumin Decreases Hyperphosphorylation of Tau by Down-Regulating Caveolin-1/GSK-3β in N2a/APP695swe Cells and APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice.

Caveolin-1, the marker protein of membranal caveolae, is not only involved in cholesterol regulation, but also participates in the cleavage of amyloid [Formula: see text]-protein precursor (APP) and the generation of [Formula: see text]-amyloid peptide. It has been reported to be tightly related with Tau. In our previous studies, curcumin has been confirmed to play a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its effects on Caveolin-1, Tau and their correlation, and the mechanism is still unknown.

ApoE Influences the Blood-Brain Barrier Through the NF-κB/MMP-9 Pathway After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), encoded by the ApoE gene (APOE), influences the outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different ApoEs on the outcome of TBI and to explore the possible mechanisms. Controlled cortical impact (CCI) was performed on APOEε3 (E3) and APOEε4 (E4) transgenic mice, APOE-KO (KO) mice, and wild type (WT) mice to construct an in vivo TBI model.

β-Caryophyllene/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Improves Cognitive Deficits in Rats with Vascular Dementia through the Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 -Mediated Pathway.

This work was conducted to prepare β-caryophyllene-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (HPβCD/BCP) and investigate its effects and mechanisms on cognitive deficits in vascular dementia (VD) rats. First, HPβCD/BCP was prepared, optimized, characterized, and evaluated. HPβCD/BCP and AM630 were then administered to VD rats to upregulate and downregulate the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2).

Bexarotene protects against traumatic brain injury in mice partially through apolipoprotein E.

Bexarotene has been proved to have neuroprotective effects in many animal models of neurological diseases. However, its neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still unknown. This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of bexarotene on TBI and its possible mechanism.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.

Background And Purpose: Early brain injury is proposed to be the primary cause of the poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which is closely related to the neural apoptosis. To date, the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) and nuclear factor-κB/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (NF-κB/MMP-9) pathway, both of which are closely related to apoptotic effects, has been poorly studied in SAH. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of PPARβ/δ on early brain injury and NF-κB/MMP-9 pathway after SAH in rats.

Downregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in curcumin-induced autophagy in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway, which is essential for cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. It is well known that beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is one of key characteristics for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which triggers a complex pathological cascade, leading to neurodegeneration. Recent studies have shown that Aβ peptide is generated from amyloid β precursor protein (APP) during autophagic turnover of APP-rich organelles by autophagy.

Hemin induces an iron-dependent, oxidative injury to human neuron-like cells.

Hemin is released from hemoglobin after CNS hemorrhage and is present at high micromolar concentrations in intracranial hematomas. This highly reactive compound is potentially cytotoxic via a variety of oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms. However, despite its clinical relevance, little is known of its effect on neuronal cells.