Leaf defenses of subtropical deciduous and evergreen trees to varying intensities of herbivory.

Generally, deciduous and evergreen trees coexist in subtropical forests, and both types of leaves are attacked by numerous insect herbivores. However, trees respond and defend themselves from herbivores in different ways, and these responses may vary between evergreen and deciduous species. We examined both the percentage of leaf area removed by herbivores as well as the percentage of leaves attacked by herbivores to evaluate leaf herbivore damage across 14 subtropical deciduous and evergreen tree species, and quantified plant defenses to varying intensities of herbivory.

The repair effect and mechanism of continuous passive motion on osteoarthritis in a rabbit model.

Objective: To observe the effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) on osteoarthritis in a rabbit model and explore its mechanism.

Methods: Thirty healthy rabbits with a total of 60 knee joints were randomized into three groups. Group A had CPM for 8 h daily, starting on postoperative day 1 and free movement in the cage, group B received CPM for 2 h daily, starting on postoperative day 1 and free movement in the cage, and group C only had free movement in the cage.