Thermodynamics insights of lignin dissolution in deep eutectic solvents.

To develop a green solvent for lignin dissolution, the most fundamental aspects of its mechanism must be elucidated. Understanding the thermodynamic behaviors is of significant importance for designing novel deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to dissolve lignin. Herein, the heat of dissolution of lignin in acidic, alkaline or neutral DESs was determined by high-precision solution microcalorimetry, and comprehensively investigated the effect of physicochemical properties of DESs on the heat of dissolution and solubility of lignin.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Long-Term Lead Performance by Left Bundle Branch Pacing.

Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is an emerging physiological pacing technique that expanded in recent reports. The long-term safety and feasibility of LBBP lack adequate evaluation.The study aimed to evaluate the long-term lead performance and clinical outcomes of LBBP.

Polyol-assisted ternary deep eutectic solvent protective lignocellulose pretreatment for high-efficiency xylan utilization and ethanol production.

The traditional lignocellulose pretreatment by deep eutectic solvent (DES) was usually conducted under higher acidic, alkaline and high temperature conditions, which leads to the severe degradation of xylan, decreasing the subsequent reducing sugar concentration by enzymatic hydrolysis and further ethanol fermentation. It is essential to develop an effective DES that selectively removes lignin while preventing excessive xylan degradation during lignocellulose pretreatment. An effective ethylene glycol-assisted ternary DES was designed to treat corn straw (CS) at 100 °C for 6 h.

Modulating Ni-S coordination in NiS to promote electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at ampere-level current density.

Electricity-driven oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a highly attractive strategy for biomass transformation. However, achieving industrial-grade current densities remains a great challenge. Herein, by modulating the water content in a solvothermal system, NiS/NF with stabilized and shorter Ni-S bonds as well as a tunable coordination environment of Ni sites was fabricated.

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Construction of Silk Nanofibrils/Boron Nitride Nanosheets Membranes with Enhanced Heat-Dissipating Efficiency.

Natural polymer-derived nanofibrils have gained significant interest in diverse fields. However, production of bio-nanofibrils with the hierarchical structures such as fibrillar structures and crystalline features remains a great challenge. Herein, an all-natural strategy for simple, green, and scalable top-down exfoliation silk nanofibrils (SNFs) in novel renewable deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed by amino acids and D-sorbitol is innovatively developed.

The Effect of Different Statin-Based Lipid-Lowering Strategies on C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Statins are lipid-lowering drugs with favorable anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to explore different statin-based lipid-lowering strategies to reduce high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).

Hypothesis: The hypothesis is that different statin-based lipid-lowering strategies might reduce hs-CRP.

Protective effect and mechanism of procyanidin B2 against hypoxic injury of cardiomyocytes.

Background: Cardiomyocyte ischemia and hypoxia are important causes of oxidative stress damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological investigation has shown that eating more plant-based foods, such as vegetables and fruits, may significantly decrease the risk of CHD. As natural antioxidants, botanicals have fewer toxic side effects than chemical drugs and have great potential for development.

Fluorine Induced In Situ Formation of High Valent Nickel Species for Ultra Low Potential Electrooxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural.

The Nickel-based catalysts have a good catalytic effect on the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation reaction (HMFOR), but limited by the conversion potential of Ni /Ni , 1.35 V versus RHE, the HMF electrooxidation potential of nickel-based catalysts is generally greater than 1.35 V versus RHE.

Analysis of the oxygen evolution activity of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) using machine learning guidance.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are excellent catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because of their tunable properties, including chemical composition and structural morphology. An interplay between these adjustable properties and other (including external) factors might not always benefit the OER catalytic activity of LDHs. Therefore, we applied machine learning algorithms to simulate the double-layer capacitance to understand how to design/tune LDHs with targeted catalytic properties.

The anatomical networks based on probabilistic structurally connectivity in bipolar disorder across mania, depression, and euthymic states.

Backgrounds: There have pieces of evidence of the distinct aberrant functional network topology profile in bipolar disorder (BD) across mania, depression, and euthymic episodes. However, the underlying anatomical network topology pattern in BD across different episodes is unclear.

Methods: We calculated the whole-brain probabilistic structurally connectivity across 143 subjects (72 with BD [34 depression; 13 mania; 25 euthymic] and 53 healthy controls), and used graph theory to examine the trait- and state-related topology alterations of the structural connectome in BD.

Operando Forming of Lattice Vacancy Defect in Ultrathin Crumpled NiVW-Layered Metal Hydroxides Nanosheets for Valorization of Biomass.

The 2D layered metal hydroxides (LMHs) have been developed for electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In this work, an effective strategy is proposed to tailor the electronic structure of active sites at the atomic level, which is by introducing defects into the lattice structure. As an example, a series of ultrathin crumpled ternary NiVW-LMH electrocatalysts with abundant lattice vacancies (denoted as NiVW -LMH) are prepared in this way.

Metabolomic and transcriptomic studies of improvements in myocardial infarction due to Pycr1 deletion.

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major challenge to cardiovascular health worldwide, with poor healing leaving a direct impact on patients' quality of life and survival. Metabolic abnormalities after MI are receiving increasing attention. Our previous studies showed that enhancing proline catabolism ameliorates hypoxic damage to myocardial cells; therefore, we sought to determine whether reducing the synthesis of endogenous proline also affects MI.

Rapid, selective, and room temperature dissolution of crystalline xylan by a hydrotrope.

Selective dissolution of industrial biowaste is of significant importance for the valorization of biomass. Especially, fractionation of polysaccharides with similar structures is more challenging. Herein, a new kind of cationic hydrotrope, tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH), has been developed for rapid, efficient, and selective dissolution of industrial biowastes-xylan type hemicelluloses from viscose fiber mills.

Investigation on the knowledge level of the rational application of antimicrobial drugs among pharmacists in medical institutions in Shanxi Province.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge of the rational use of antibiotics among pharmacists in medical institutions in Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China, in order to determine the problems and provide support for the correct management of antibiotics.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted, which included the basic information of the respondents, the basic knowledge of antimicrobial management, and the related knowledge of antimicrobial drugs.

Results: 462 pharmacists were investigated.

Deep eutectic solvent-assisted fabrication of zirconium phytate thin nanosheets for important biomass transformations.

Utilization of naturally occurring resources to construct functional catalytic materials is significantly important, and facile and environmental-benign strategies are highly desired to afford the materials having a specific structure and good catalytic activity. Herein, we reported an innovative deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted strategy to synthesize zirconium phytate with a thin nanosheet structure (denoted as Zr-Phy-) using plant-originated phytic acid (PhyA) as the renewable building block. This strategy was eco-friendly and adjustable owing to the designability of DESs.

Acidity scales of deep eutectic solvents based on IR and NMR.

Acidic deep eutectic solvents (ADESs) have been utilized in various applications. Clearly, it is crucial to obtain acidity information that could reveal the relationship with performance. However, appropriate methods for measuring acidity are limited.

Abnormal network properties and fiber connections of DMN across major mental disorders: a probability tracing and graph theory study.

The default mode network (DMN) is related to brain functions and its abnormalities were associated with mental disorders' pathophysiology. To further understand the common and distinct DMN alterations across disorders, we capitalized on the probability tracing method and graph theory to analyze the role of DMN across three major mental disorders. A total of 399 participants (156 schizophrenia [SCZ], 90 bipolar disorder [BP], 58 major depression disorder [MDD], and 95 healthy controls [HC]) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scanning, clinical, and cognitive assessment.

MiR-582-5p Attenuates Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy by Targeting High Mobility Group box 1 (HMGB1) through Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Background: MiR-582-5p has been demonstrated to protect against ischemic stroke. However, its implication in the progression of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) has not been explored.

Methods: In this study, we used an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to investigate the protective effect of miR-582-5p on PC12 cells.

Robust superbase-based emerging solvents for highly efficient dissolution of cellulose.

The development of robust solvent systems for cellulose dissolution is of significant importance for cellulose utilization and transformation. Herein, six kinds of novel superbase-based solvents were designed by a combination of 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.

Correction: Eutectics: formation, properties, and applications.

Correction for 'Eutectics: formation, properties, and applications' by Dongkun Yu et al., Chem. Soc.

Imbalance Between Prefronto-Thalamic and Sensorimotor-Thalamic Circuitries Associated with Working Memory Deficit in Schizophrenia.

Background: Thalamocortical circuit imbalance characterized by prefronto-thalamic hypoconnectivity and sensorimotor-thalamic hyperconnectivity has been consistently documented at rest in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, this thalamocortical imbalance has not been studied during task engagement to date, limiting our understanding of its role in cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Methods: Both n-back working memory (WM) task-fMRI and resting-state fMRI data were collected from 172 patients with SCZ and 103 healthy control subjects (HC).

The integrity of the white matter in first-episode schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: An atlas-based DTI analysis.

Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) is one of the most remarkable symptoms of schizophrenia, with great impact on patients' lives and unclear pathogenesis. Neuroimaging studies have indicated that the development of AVHs is associated with white matter alteration, however, there are still inconsistencies in specific findings across previous investigations. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) in first-episode schizophrenia patients who experience auditory hallucinations.

Eutectics: formation, properties, and applications.

Various eutectic systems have been proposed and studied over the past few decades. Most of the studies have focused on three typical types of eutectics: eutectic metals, eutectic salts, and deep eutectic solvents. On the one hand, they are all eutectic systems, and their eutectic principle is the same.

Efficacy of erythropoietin alone in treatment of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of erythropoietin in improving neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). It is undoubtedly urgent to include only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for more standardized systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The purpose of this study is to examine whether erythropoietin reduces the risk of death and improve neurodevelopmental disorders in infants with HIE.

Abnormal Large-Scale Network Activation Present in Bipolar Mania and Bipolar Depression Under Resting State.

Previous studies have primarily focused on the neuropathological mechanisms of the emotional circuit present in bipolar mania and bipolar depression. Recent studies applying resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have raise the possibility of examining brain-wide networks abnormality between the two oppositional emotion states, thus this study aimed to characterize the different functional architecture represented in mania and depression by employing group-independent component analysis (gICA). Forty-one bipolar depressive patients, 20 bipolar manic patients, and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and received resting-state fMRI scans.